在模拟中存根两个方法是使用 Mockito 和 Spring MockMVC 抛出异常

Question

我正在尝试设置一些简单的 MVC 单元测试。我想要完成的是：

• 使用 Spring MockMVC 测试从我的控制器返回的 HTTP 状态和 HTTP 数据。
• 我的控制器有一个对执行实际逻辑的外观的 Autowired 引用。
• 所以，我创建了一个测试类来测试一个控制器。
• 我想测试那个控制器的两个方法，所以我在我的 Test 类中创建了两个方法。
• 我已经模拟了我的外观并将其注入到我的控制器中。
• 因此，我想通过返回我正在测试的每个方法来配置这个模拟。

我正在使用以下代码：

public class LoginTest {

    MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    Cadastre facade;

    @InjectMocks
    Login controller;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        Mockito.when(facade.login(Mockito.any(String.class))).thenReturn(true);
        Mockito.when(facade.getUser(Mockito.any(String.class))).thenReturn(Mockito.any(UserData.class));

        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).setMessageConverters(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void thatLoginUsesStatusOK() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(UserFixtures.loginUrl())).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }

    @Test
    public void thatUserDataUsesStatusOK() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(UserFixtures.getUserDataUrl())).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }
}

如果我尝试执行这个 Test 类，它会失败并出现错误：

org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.InvalidUseOfMatchersException: 
Invalid use of argument matchers!
1 matchers expected, 2 recorded:
-> at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:38)
-> at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:39)

This exception may occur if matchers are combined with raw values:
    //incorrect:
    someMethod(anyObject(), "raw String");
When using matchers, all arguments have to be provided by matchers.
For example:
    //correct:
    someMethod(anyObject(), eq("String by matcher"));

For more info see javadoc for Matchers class.

    at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

如果我将每个模拟方法行（Mock.when 行）移动到它的 test() 方法中，并分别调用这个测试方法，它们就可以工作。但是如果我尝试执行整个类，那么只有一个 test() 方法起作用，另一个抛出以下异常（对我来说这似乎与上面的原因相同）：

org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.InvalidUseOfMatchersException: 
Misplaced argument matcher detected here:

-> at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.thatLoginUsesStatusOK(LoginTest.java:45)

You cannot use argument matchers outside of verification or stubbing.
Examples of correct usage of argument matchers:
    when(mock.get(anyInt())).thenReturn(null);
    doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(mock).someVoidMethod(anyObject());
    verify(mock).someMethod(contains("foo"))

Also, this error might show up because you use argument matchers with methods that cannot be mocked.
Following methods *cannot* be stubbed/verified: final/private/equals()/hashCode().

    at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:37)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

所以，我相信原因是我可能不太了解如何使用 Mockito。你能指出我正确的方向吗？

非常感谢！

Answer 1

你的问题是你写的地方

thenReturn(Mockito.any(UserData.class))

any 方法用于匹配测试期间出现的值，而不是用于创建值。您需要指定要返回的 UserData 对象，大概是通过实例化一个对象并将其传入此处。