使用 for 循环从 CacheManger 检索数据的方法的单元测试

Question

我有一个方法可以从下一个 webapi 检索人员并存储在缓存中，我想从缓存管理器中获取相同的缓存数据。我很难为这种方法编写单元测试。 任何帮助都非常感谢

import javax.cache.Cache;
import javax.cache.CacheManager;

@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "cacheManager")
private CacheManager cacheManager;

*public List<Person> fallbackPersons() {
      List<Person> data = new ArrayList<>();
    for (Cache.Entry<Object, Object> entry :cacheManager.getCache("person"){ 
        data = (List<Person>) entry.getValue();
        }
    return data;
}*

Answer 1

您可以模拟 CacheManager，将其存根并验证结果如下：

    @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
    public class PersonsServiceTest {

        @Mock
        private CacheManager cacheManager;

        @InjectMocks
        PersonsService service = new PersonsService();

        @Before
        public void setup() {
             MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        }

        @Test
        public void fallbackPersonsWithNonEmptyCache() {
            List<Person> persons = Collections.singletonList(new Person());  // create person object as your Person class definition
            // mock cache entry
            Cache.Entry <Object, Object> entry = Mockito.mock(Cache.Entry.class);

            // do stubbing
            Mockito.when(entry.getValue()).thenReturn(persons);
            Mockito.when(cacheManager.getCache(Matchers.anyString()))
                    .thenReturn(entry);

            // execute
            List<Person> persons = service.fallbackPersons();

            // verify
            Assert.assertNotNull(persons);
            Assert.assertFalse(persons.isEmpty());
        }
    }

Answer 2

1.单元测试

如果您打算通过模拟 CacheManager 对公共方法 fallbackPersons 进行单元测试，我强烈建议您更改注入 cacheManager bean 的样式，使用构造函数注入：

import javax.cache.Cache;
import javax.cache.CacheManager;

@Service    
public class PersonsService {
    private final CacheManager cacheManager;

    @Autowired
    public PersonsService(@Qualifier(value = "cacheManager") CacheManager cacheManager) {
        this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
    }

    public List<Person> fallbackPersons() {
        List<Person> data = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Cache.Entry<Object, Object> entry : cacheManager.getCache("person")) { 
            data = (List<Person>) entry.getValue();
        }

        return data;
    }
}

这个类现在很容易通过注入 CacheManager 的模拟和编程它的行为来进行单元测试，你不需要引导 Spring 上下文（应用 @Autowired），或者使用 Powermock 库来访问私有属性。

单元测试示例：

public class PersonsServiceTest {
    @Test
    public void fallbackPersonsWithEmptyCache() {
        CacheManager cacheManager = Mockito.mock(CacheManager.class);
        Mockito.when(cacheManager.getCache(Matchers.anyString()))
            .thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());

        PersonsService service = new PersonsService(cacheManager);
        List<Person> persons = service.fallbackPersons();
        Assert.assertNotNull(persons);
        Assert.assertTrue(persons.isEmpty());
    }
}

2。集成测试

如果您真的想使用 Spring 的真实缓存管理器实现来测试您的服务，那么您应该查看有关如何使用 Spring Framework 提供的 AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests 或 AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests 类的示例。它们将允许您初始化真正的 Spring 上下文并注入真正的 CacheManager 实现，例如 EhCahce 等。

Answer 3

我的问题的正确解决方案。

@ActiveProfiles("test")
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
@Slf4j
public class CacheTest {

    @Spy
    @InjectMocks
    PersonService personService;

    @Mock
    private CacheManager cacheManager;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void fallbackMCCsWithNonEmptyCache() {

        List<Person> persons = Collections.singletonList(new Person());

        Iterator<Cache.Entry <Object, Object>> cacheIterator = 
        Mockito.mock(Iterator.class);
        Cache <Object, Object> cache = Mockito.mock(Cache.class);
        Cache.Entry <Object, Object> entry = Mockito.mock(Cache.Entry.class);
        Mockito.when(cacheManager.getCache(Mockito.anyString()))
        .thenReturn(cache);
        Mockito.when(cache.iterator()).thenReturn(cacheIterator);
        List<Person> personList = personService.fallbackPersons();
        Assert.assertNotNull(personList);
        Assert.assertTrue(personList.isEmpty());
    }
}