【发布时间】：2020-07-03 21:23:32
【问题描述】：
我在处理使用 JUnit 的 Spring Boot 2.2.5.RELEASE 项目时遇到了一个奇怪的问题。
我尝试详细解释我的问题：
1) 我定义了一个服务。首先，我定义了一个名为 OrderService 的接口，如下所示：
package com.dgs.soc.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.dgs.soc.excelapi.dto.Order;
public interface OrderService {
public List<Order> getOrdersList();
}
然后我定义了它的实现，目前是一个非常简单的名字OrderServiceImpl：
package com.dgs.soc.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.dgs.soc.excelapi.dto.Order;
import com.dgs.soc.repository.OrderRepository;
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl {
public List<Order> getOrdersList() {
List<Order> result = new ArrayList<Order>();
return result;
}
}
如您所见，该类由 @Service 注释进行注释。
问题在于使用JUnit，我有这个测试类：
package com.dgs.soc.excelapi.integration;
// IMPORTS LIST
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = { Application.class })
@WebAppConfiguration
@ActiveProfiles(profiles = { "no-liquibase" })
public class ExcelResourceIntegrationTest {
@Autowired
OrderServiceImpl orderService;
@Test
public void getOrdersListRepositoryTest() {
List<Order> ordersList = orderService.getOrdersList();
assertThat(ordersList).isNotEmpty();
}
}
在这里我遇到了一个奇怪的行为：执行 getOrdersListRepositoryTest() 测试方法我得到了这个异常
2020-03-23 04:42:24.783 ERROR 5281 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7fbdb894] to prepare test instance [com.dgs.soc.excelapi.integration.ExcelResourceIntegrationTest@2ad6895a]
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.dgs.soc.excelapi.integration.ExcelResourceIntegrationTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'orderService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.dgs.soc.service.OrderServiceImpl' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:643) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:130) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1422) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:393) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:119) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:43) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-2.2.5.RELEASE.jar:2.2.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115) ~[junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.vintage.engine.execution.RunnerExecutor.execute(RunnerExecutor.java:40) ~[junit-vintage-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:183) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:195) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.Iterator.forEachRemaining(Iterator.java:133) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterators.java:1801) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:150) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:173) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:497) ~[na:na]
at org.junit.vintage.engine.VintageTestEngine.executeAllChildren(VintageTestEngine.java:80) ~[junit-vintage-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
at org.junit.vintage.engine.VintageTestEngine.execute(VintageTestEngine.java:71) ~[junit-vintage-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:229) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:197) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:211) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:191) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:137) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit5.runner.JUnit5TestReference.run(JUnit5TestReference.java:89) ~[.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41) ~[.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:542) ~[.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:770) ~[.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:464) ~[.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:210) ~[.cp/:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.dgs.soc.service.OrderServiceImpl' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1695) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1253) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1207) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:640) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
... 49 common frames omitted
2020-03-23 04:42:24.816 INFO 5281 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-03-23 04:42:24.819 INFO 5281 --- [extShutdownHook] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2020-03-23 04:42:24.846 INFO 5281 --- [extShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2020-03-23 04:42:24.875 INFO 5281 --- [extShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.
它说 没有可用的 'com.dgs.soc.service.OrderServiceImpl' 类型的限定 bean 但是，正如您在前面的代码中看到的那样，该 bean 存在并且它由 @Service 允许自动装配的注解！！！
在这个项目中定义了一个由 @RestController 注释的类，它公开了 API。如果进入此类，我尝试自动装配相同的服务类，如下所示：
@Description(value = "Resource layer for handling REST requests.")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("api")
public class ExcelResource {
@Autowired
OrderServiceImpl orderService;
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
}
现在我尝试将应用程序作为 Spring Boot Application 执行，我遇到了同样的问题：
***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************
Description:
Field orderService in com.dgs.soc.excelapi.resources.ExcelResource required a bean of type 'com.dgs.soc.service.OrderServiceImpl' that could not be found.
The injection point has the following annotations:
- @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
Action:
Consider defining a bean of type 'com.dgs.soc.service.OrderServiceImpl' in your configuration.
但 com.dgs.soc.service.OrderServiceImpl bean 仍然存在，并且由 @Service 注释。
为什么我会收到这个问题？我错过了什么？我该如何尝试解决这个问题？我在想我有一些参考问题或类似的问题，但我不知道
EDIT-1： 将 @ComponentScan("com.dgs.soc.service") 放在我的 Application 类的顶部似乎可以工作，但我有一些疑问！！！ p>
现在这是我的 Application 类：
package com.dgs.soc.excelapi;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan("com.dgs.soc.service")
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
return builder.sources(Application.class);
}
}
它可以工作，但它应该在没有 ** @ComponentScan("com.dgs.soc.service")** 注释的情况下也可以工作，因为这个类是由 @SpringBootApplication 注释的，就像你可以在这里阅读：
自动启用@ComponentScan：对应用所在包进行@Component扫描（见最佳实践）
所以应用程序位于 com.dgs.soc.excelapi 中，理论上我希望组件扫描也必须在没有 @ComponentScan的明确定义的情况下正常工作>
为什么？有什么想法吗？
【问题讨论】：
-
您的
Application课程在哪个包中？一般来说，spring 只会自动扫描Applicationclass 所在的包及其任何子包。尝试在Application类上添加要扫描的显式包列表。 -
可能是你没有Spring loader扫描我们有你的serviceClass实现的那个包，可能你可以尝试使用@ComponentScan("
") -
@Setu 我的应用程序类在“com.dgs.soc.excelapi”包中
-
@AndreaNobili 在这种情况下，您肯定需要明确扫描软件包。您可以在 Spring Boot 应用程序类上使用
ComponentScan注释或在SpringBootApplication注释上提供scanBasePackages属性。 -
@Setu 以这种方式工作，我在原始帖子的末尾添加了一些新信息，因为理论上它也应该在不使用 ComponentScan 的情况下工作，因为我正在使用SpringBootApplication 注释。我错过了什么？
标签： java spring spring-boot spring-annotations