为什么将 Spring Boot 应用程序部署到 WebSphere 7 应用服务器会导致 ClassCastException？答案

【问题标题】：Why does the deployment of a Spring Boot application to a WebSphere 7 app server cause a ClassCastException?为什么将 Spring Boot 应用程序部署到 WebSphere 7 应用服务器会导致 ClassCastException？
【发布时间】：2014-12-08 19:54:37
【问题描述】：

我正在使用带有 Hibernate 的 JPA 的 Spring Boot 应用程序，并尝试在 WebSphere 应用程序服务器 7.0.0.33 上进行部署。

我包含了以下依赖项

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.15.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-ws</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

堆栈跟踪：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'serverProperties': Could not bind properties; nested exception is javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000041: Call to TraversableResolver.isReachable() threw an exception.
    at org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.java:290)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.java:242)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:407)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1545)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:539)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:298)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1017)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:960)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:858)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:480)
    ... 117 common frames omitted
Caused by: javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000041: Call to TraversableResolver.isReachable() threw an exception.
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.isReachable(ValidatorImpl.java:1316)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.isValidationRequired(ValidatorImpl.java:1292)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateConstraint(ValidatorImpl.java:475)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateConstraintsForDefaultGroup(ValidatorImpl.java:424)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateConstraintsForCurrentGroup(ValidatorImpl.java:388)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateInContext(ValidatorImpl.java:340)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validate(ValidatorImpl.java:158)
    at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.SpringValidatorAdapter.validate(SpringValidatorAdapter.java:92)
    at org.springframework.validation.DataBinder.validate(DataBinder.java:746)
    at org.springframework.boot.bind.PropertiesConfigurationFactory.validate(PropertiesConfigurationFactory.java:283)
    at org.springframework.boot.bind.PropertiesConfigurationFactory.doBindPropertiesToTarget(PropertiesConfigurationFactory.java:278)
    at org.springframework.boot.bind.PropertiesConfigurationFactory.bindPropertiesToTarget(PropertiesConfigurationFactory.java:225)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.java:287)
    ... 130 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: com.ibm.websphere.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl incompatible with javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceProvider
    at javax.persistence.Persistence$1.isLoaded(Persistence.java:77)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.resolver.JPATraversableResolver.isReachable(JPATraversableResolver.java:56)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.resolver.DefaultTraversableResolver.isReachable(DefaultTraversableResolver.java:130)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.resolver.SingleThreadCachedTraversableResolver.isReachable(SingleThreadCachedTraversableResolver.java:46)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.isReachable(ValidatorImpl.java:1307)
    ... 142 common frames omitted

有人对此有想法吗？

【问题讨论】：

WebSphere 使用自己的 JPA API。您可以尝试将 hibernate-jpa-2.0-api 标记为已提供
感谢快速响应 classCast 异常已解决，但现在出现错误“java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax.persistence.spi.ProviderUtil”。

标签： hibernate jpa spring-boot spring-data-jpa websphere-7

【解决方案1】：

这里有两件事：

您不需要单独声明 Hibernate 依赖项。 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 的声明将包括您需要的一切。因此删除所有手动声明的依赖项并通过执行mvn dependency:list 来验证设置。这应该在类路径上显示一个 JPA 2.1 API JAR，因为 Hibernate 4.2.x 版本需要 JPA 2.1。此外，独立引导您的 Boot 应用程序以验证它是否正常工作（使用 Spring Data JPA 存储库编写集成测试将有效地实现相同的目的）。
部署到 WebSphere 7 将要求您将 ClassLoader 层次结构配置为 parent-last，以便类路径查找将首先检查应用程序 JAR，而不是容器提供的 JAR。如果启用了 parent-first（这是正确的默认设置），则首先会找到 WebSphere 提供的 JPA JAR（标准 7 为 1.0，带有 JPA 功能包的 7 为 2.0），并且它们都不能与最近的 Hibernate 一起使用（因为它需要 JPA 2.1）。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

WebSphere 7.0 内置了 JPA 1.0，它不会运行 JPA 2.0。对于 JPA 2.0，您需要安装 JPA 功能包。查看这篇文章了解更多详情 - websphere 7 and (application based) open-jpa 2

【讨论】：

我已经使用启动板安装了 Websphere 7，而不是使用安装管理器，我将如何为 OSGi 应用程序和 JPA 2.0 应用功能包？。