未加载 JUnit 依赖项

Question

我有以下 JUnit 测试套件，当我尝试加载我的测试时，我在我正在测试的类中自动装配的依赖项似乎没有被加载，并且我收到以下错误消息：

package com.uk.jacob.service;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import com.uk.jacob.model.Ping;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = PingerService.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class PingerServiceTests {

    @Test
    public void testPingerServiceReturnsOkWhenServiceIsUp(){
        PingerService pingerService = new PingerService();
        Ping ping = pingerService.ping("http://devnews.today");

        assertEquals(true, ping.ok);
    }

    @Test
    public void testPingerServiceReturnsOkWhenServiceIsDown(){
        PingerService pingerService = new PingerService();
        Ping ping = pingerService.ping("https://jacob.uk.comz");

        assertEquals(false, ping.ok);
    }

}

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire method: public void com.uk.jacob.service.PingerService.setHttpAdapter(com.uk.jacob.adapter.HttpAdapter); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.uk.jacob.adapter.HttpAdapter] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {}

Pinger 服务：

package com.uk.jacob.service;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.uk.jacob.adapter.HttpAdapter;
import com.uk.jacob.model.Ping;

@Component
public class PingerService {

    HttpAdapter httpAdapter;

    public Ping ping(String urlToPing) {
        Ping ping = new Ping();

        try {
            HttpURLConnection connection = httpAdapter.createHttpURLConnection(urlToPing);

            if(connectionIsOk(connection)){
                ping.ok = true;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            ping.ok = false;
        }

        return ping;
    }

    private boolean connectionIsOk(HttpURLConnection connection) throws IOException {
        return connection.getResponseCode() == 200;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setHttpAdapter(HttpAdapter httpAdapter){
        this.httpAdapter = httpAdapter;
    }

}

HttpAdapter：

package com.uk.jacob.adapter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class HttpAdapter {
    public HttpURLConnection createHttpURLConnection(String urlToPing) throws IOException{
        URL url = new URL(urlToPing);
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        connection.connect();

        return connection;
    }
}

Answer 1

你正在创建你的 pingerService 像

PingerService pingerService = new PingerService();

在测试类中，所以它不是一个spring bean，所以spring不会在那里注入任何东西，它不会工作。 而是将 PingerService 添加到您的 spring 配置中： 使用 @Component 对其进行注释并将其放在类路径中可以找到的某个位置，或者在您的 spring 配置类中使用 @Bean 注释方法创建它。

这就引出了第二个问题：

@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = PingerService.class)

您必须在此处提供一个配置类，而不是单个服务。 配置类必须实例化 spring bean，在您的情况下至少是 PingerService 和 HttpAdapter。

看看Spring java config (older version)

关于您的评论：对于配置类，带注释的 @SpringBootApplication 类是否足够？

是的，如果 PingerService 和 HttpAdapter 位于该 SpringBootApplication 注释类的子包中就足够了，那么它们可以被 ComponentScan 找到。

如果您使用@SpringBootApplication，则会自动配置 ComponentScan