当测试项目在 libs 目录中有 jar 时，无法构建和运行使用“ant create test-project”创建的 android 测试项目答案

【问题标题】：Can't build and run an android test project created using "ant create test-project" when tested project has jars in libs directory当测试项目在 libs 目录中有 jar 时，无法构建和运行使用“ant create test-project”创建的 android 测试项目
【发布时间】：2011-01-29 03:31:49
【问题描述】：

我有一个构建名为 MyApp 的应用程序的模块。我有另一个为该应用程序构建一些测试用例，称为 MyAppTests。他们都构建了自己的 APK，并且在我的 IDE 中都可以正常工作。我想使用 ant 构建它们，以便我可以利用持续集成。

构建应用程序模块工作正常。我在编译和运行测试模块时遇到了困难。

使用 previous question 中 Christopher 的提示，我使用 android create test-project -p MyAppTests -m ../MyApp -n MyAppTests 创建了必要的构建文件来构建和运行我的测试项目。这似乎效果很好（一旦我删除了它为我构建的一个不必要的测试用例，并将我的 AndroidManifest.xml 恢复为我在它被 android create 替换之前使用的那个），但我有两个问题。

第一个问题：项目没有编译，因为它缺少库。

$ ant run-tests
Buildfile: build.xml
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-install-tested-project:
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes

-dex:
     [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes.dex...
     [echo]          

-package-resources:
     [echo] Packaging resources
 [aaptexec] Creating full resource package...

-package-debug-sign:
[apkbuilder] Creating MyApp-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key...
[apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore

debug:
     [echo] Running zip align on final apk...
     [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk

install:
     [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk onto default emulator or device...
     [exec] 1567 KB/s (288354 bytes in 0.179s)
     [exec]     pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyApp-debug.apk
     [exec] Success

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/gen
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 5 source files to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:8: package com.google.gson does not exist
    [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
    [javac]                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:9: package com.google.gson does not exist
    [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
    [javac]                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:11: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class GsonTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:6: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:7: package roboguice.util does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboLooperThread;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:11: package com.google.gson does not exist
    [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
    [javac]                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:15: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class HttpTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:12: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class LinksTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                                ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:5: package roboguice.util does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboAsyncTask;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:6: package roboguice.util does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboLooperThread;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:12: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class SafeAsyncTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                                    ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectResource': class file for roboguice.inject.InjectResource not found
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectResource'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView': class file for roboguice.inject.InjectView not found
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:15: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonParser
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonParser parser = new JsonParser();
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:15: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonParser
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonParser parser = new JsonParser();
    [javac]                                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:18: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonElement
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonElement e = parser.parse(s);
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:20: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonElement
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonElement e2 = parser.parse(s2);
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:19: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method getInstrumentation()
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         assertEquals("MyApp", getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources().getString(com.myapp.R.string.app_name));
    [javac]                              ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:62: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:82: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertTrue(java.lang.String,boolean)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         assertTrue(result[0], result[0].contains("Search"));
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:87: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonObject
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         final JsonObject[] result = {null};
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:90: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:117: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonObject
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         final JsonObject[] result = {null};
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:120: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:27: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertTrue(boolean)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.LinksTest
    [javac]             assertTrue(m.matches());
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:28: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.LinksTest
    [javac]             assertEquals( map.get(url), m.group(1) );
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:19: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method getInstrumentation()
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals("MyApp", getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getString(com.myapp.R.string.app_name));
    [javac]                              ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:27: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:65: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:74: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:105: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:113: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:144: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:154: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:187: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:11: cannot access roboguice.activity.GuiceListActivity
    [javac] class file for roboguice.activity.GuiceListActivity not found
    [javac] public class StoriesTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase<Stories> {
    [javac]                                                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:21: cannot access roboguice.application.GuiceApplication
    [javac] class file for roboguice.application.GuiceApplication not found
    [javac]         setApplication( new MyApplication( getInstrumentation().getTargetContext() ) );
    [javac]                         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:22: incompatible types
    [javac] found   : com.myapp.activity.Stories
    [javac] required: android.app.Activity
    [javac]         final Activity activity = startActivity(intent, null, null);
    [javac]                                                ^
    [javac] 39 errors
    [javac] 6 warnings

BUILD FAILED
/opt/local/android-sdk-mac/platforms/android-1.6/templates/android_rules.xml:248: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details.

Total time: 24 seconds

这不是一个很难解决的问题。我不确定这样做是否正确，但我将缺少的库（roboguice 和 gson）从 MyApp/libs 目录复制到 MyAppTests/libs 目录，一切似乎都可以正常编译。

但这导致了第二个问题，我目前还停留在这个问题上。测试编译正常，但它们不会运行：

$ cp ../MyApp/libs/gson-r538.jar libs/

$ cp ../MyApp/libs/roboguice-1.1-SNAPSHOT.jar libs/

0 10:23 /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests $ ant run-testsBuildfile: build.xml
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-install-tested-project:
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes

-dex:
     [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes.dex...
     [echo]          

-package-resources:
     [echo] Packaging resources
 [aaptexec] Creating full resource package...

-package-debug-sign:
[apkbuilder] Creating MyApp-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key...
[apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore

debug:
     [echo] Running zip align on final apk...
     [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk

install:
     [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk onto default emulator or device...
     [exec] 1396 KB/s (288354 bytes in 0.201s)
     [exec]     pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyApp-debug.apk
     [exec] Success

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 5 source files to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes
    [javac] Note: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.
    [javac] Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.

-dex:
     [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes.dex...
     [echo]          

-package-resources:
     [echo] Packaging resources
 [aaptexec] Creating full resource package...

-package-debug-sign:
[apkbuilder] Creating MyAppTests-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key...
[apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore

debug:
     [echo] Running zip align on final apk...
     [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/MyAppTests-debug.apk

install:
     [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/MyAppTests-debug.apk onto default emulator or device...
     [exec] 1227 KB/s (94595 bytes in 0.075s)
     [exec]     pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyAppTests-debug.apk
     [exec] Success

run-tests:
     [echo] Running tests ...
     [exec] 
     [exec] android.test.suitebuilder.TestSuiteBuilder$FailedToCreateTests:INSTRUMENTATION_RESULT: shortMsg=Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation
     [exec] INSTRUMENTATION_RESULT: longMsg=java.lang.IllegalAccessError: Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation
     [exec] INSTRUMENTATION_CODE: 0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 38 seconds

知道是什么导致了“预验证类中的类引用解析为意外实现”错误吗？

【问题讨论】：

标签： android unit-testing ant

【解决方案1】：

如果您使用 Eclipse，更简单的方法是不在测试项目中包含您的外部库，而是将其导出到 Eclipse 项目设置中。这将解决问题

前段时间，我写了一篇博文解释了这一点： http://juristr.com/blog/2010/06/android-instrumentation-test/

【讨论】：

我可以引用 OP：“我想使用 ant 构建它们，以便我可以利用持续集成。” — OP 实际上并不想使用 Eclipse 和使用 Ant 构建的那些。
@Martin，我仍然很高兴他分享了这个答案，因为我遇到了同样的问题，但不使用 Ant。
@Tom Dignan：你不是唯一一个——这个离题的答案比接受的答案有更多的赞成票；-)
谢谢，我正在用 Java 和 Scala 混合编写我的项目并遇到了这个问题。我取消选中导出中的 Scala 框，一切正常。
请注意...我使用了这个解决方案，并且在一切正常之前必须在 Eclipse 中“清理”项目。

【解决方案2】：

问题是在编译测试项目时，android ant 构建脚本中存在一个错误，该错误不包含被测试项目的 libs 目录。如果您尝试通过将库复制到测试器项目的库目录来解决此问题，您将像我一样在运行时遇到类验证问题，正如 fadden 所指出的那样。

解决方案是调整 android 的 android_test_rules.xml 中的 compile 目标，将 <fileset dir="${tested.project.absolute.dir}/libs" includes="*.jar" /> 添加到 <classpath> 指令中。

这是修改后的compile 目标。通过将它添加到 TESTER 项目的 build.xml 中，它将优先于 android_test_rules.xml 中的那个：

<!-- override "compile" target in platform android_rules.xml to include tested app's external libraries -->
<target name="compile" depends="-resource-src, -aidl"
            description="Compiles project's .java files into .class files">
    <!-- If android rules are used for a test project, its classpath should include
         tested project's location -->
    <condition property="extensible.classpath"
                       value="${tested.project.absolute.dir}/bin/classes" else=".">
        <isset property="tested.project.absolute.dir" />
    </condition>
    <javac encoding="ascii" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs=""
            destdir="${out.classes.absolute.dir}"
            bootclasspathref="android.target.classpath"
            verbose="${verbose}" classpath="${extensible.classpath}">
        <src path="${source.absolute.dir}" />
        <src path="${gen.absolute.dir}" />
        <classpath>
            <fileset dir="${tested.project.absolute.dir}/libs" includes="*.jar" />
            <fileset dir="${external.libs.absolute.dir}" includes="*.jar" />
        </classpath>
    </javac>
</target>

【讨论】：

看起来这是解决方案，但是当将这些行添加到我的 build.xml 时，ant 抱怨 -resource-src 和 -aidl 没有定义（尽管它们是导入的）：Target "-resource -src”在项目“sdk_android_test”中不存在。它从目标“编译”中使用。
好的，我有错误的工具版本。如果您遇到与我相同的错误，请在 ou android 工具 ant_rules*.xml 文件中选择新版本的编译。
如果我可能会问，您使用的是什么 sdk 版本？我正在使用 r16 并且仍然得到“目标”-resource-src“在项目中不存在”
这确实可能是我的问题的罪魁祸首。但是，此解决方案与当前的 (r16) sdk 不兼容。希望下周在 Google I/O 上，他们将宣布对这些工具的更新。如果他们不这样做，我可能不得不想出一些其他方法来做到这一点......有没有人向谷歌提交过一份大报告？

【解决方案3】：

我在使用 Intellij IDEA (11.1.1) 时遇到了类似的问题。虽然我的应用程序可以很好地构建并部署到设备上，但当我尝试运行它时，我的测试应用程序会出现大量 dex 错误：“预验证类中的类引用解析为意外实现”...

应用程序测试应用公共库 app 依赖于 common-libs（并导出 common-libs）测试应用依赖于应用

这篇文章帮助我找出问题是应用程序中的重复类文件和测试应用程序 .dex 文件，然后我手动验证了这些文件。事实证明，要从测试应用程序中排除应用程序类，在测试应用程序的模块设置中，我需要将它的依赖项应用程序的范围从“编译”更改为“提供”。

【讨论】：

您刚刚为我节省了数小时的研究时间。谢谢！ :)
我也遇到了同样的问题，在这里找到了解决办法

【解决方案4】：

我没有在上面的文字中看到实际的错误消息，但我想我可以回答。

通常，出现警告是因为相同的代码出现在两个不同的 APK 中。一个 APK 中的实现用于预验证和优化，但在执行期间正在使用另一个实现。 VM 检测到这种情况并拒绝该类，因为验证和优化是在一组不再正确的假设下执行的。

解决这个问题的方法是确保虚拟机只有一个类的实现。这可能需要更多地使用构建脚本。

您可以使用“dexdump”查看 APK 的内容。（还有“dexlist”，简洁一点，但我不记得那是不是SDK的一部分。）

【讨论】：

是的，我在想这个问题可能是基于我在 Google 上找到的其他一些东西，但我还没有弄清楚如何避免它。顺便说一句，在“运行测试”目标期间，错误显示在第二个代码块的底部

【解决方案5】：

就像@fadden 所说，相同的代码在两个不同的 APK 中。这可以例如当您的测试项目和被测试项目都依赖于同一个 android 库项目时，就会发生这种情况。这不必是直接的，因为库项目可以依赖于其他库项目。

ant 规则文件中的问题似乎已修复。至少在 SDK 工具 r11 中。编译目标可以在mail_rules.xml而不是test_rules.xml中找到，仅供迷茫的人参考。

【讨论】：

【解决方案6】：

您是否尝试在测试 apk 中包含 .class 文件，而不是从原始项目中生成新的 .class 文件？这解决了我的问题。

【讨论】：

嗨seelengut，你能澄清一下吗？我不确定我是否理解。

【解决方案7】：

我在 maven 运行单元测试时遇到了同样的问题。通过删除主项目已导入的 android 库的链接，问题得到解决。

【讨论】：

【解决方案8】：

要测试的项目的范围应该是编译的，并且应该提供库的范围。

更多信息请阅读here

【讨论】：

【解决方案9】：

android update test-project -m <project path> -p <test project path>

ant clean

ant debug

运行这些命令后，您可以运行 ant 测试。注意：如果出现 JUnit 相关错误，请在测试项目 libs 文件夹中添加 Junit jar 文件。

【讨论】：