【发布时间】:2016-12-04 12:44:24
【问题描述】:
我正在编写一个跟踪药物使用情况的软件。我正在使用 JPA 与数据库进行交互。我的模型由两个实体组成:Prescription 和 Dose。每个Prescription 都有一个Dose 实例的集合,这些实例代表作为此处方的一部分给予患者的剂量,如下所示:
Prescription.java
@Entity
@XmlRootElement
public class Prescription {
private long id;
private Collection<Dose> doses = new ArrayList<Dose>();
/**
* Versioning field used by JPA to track concurrent changes.
*/
private long version;
// Other properties omitted...
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
// We specify cascade such that when we modify this collection, it will propagate to the DOSE table (e.g. when
// adding a new dose to this collection, a corresponding record will be created in the DOSE table).
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "prescription", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
public Collection<Dose> getDoses() {
// todo update to list or collection interface.
return doses;
}
public void setDoses(Collection<Dose> doses) {
this.doses = doses;
}
@Version
public long getVersion() {
return version;
}
/**
* Application code should not call this method. However, it must be present for JPA to function.
* @param version
*/
public void setVersion(long version) {
this.version = version;
}
}
Dose.java
@Entity
@XmlRootElement
public class Dose {
private long id;
private Prescription prescription;
// Other properties omitted...
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
@XmlTransient
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "PRESCRIPTION_ID") // Specifies name of column pointing back to the parent prescription.
public Prescription getPrescription() {
return prescription;
}
public void setPrescription(Prescription prescription) {
this.prescription = prescription;
}
}
Dose 只能存在于Prescription 的上下文中,因此Dose 通过将其添加到其处方的剂量集合中间接插入到数据库中:
DoseService.java
@Stateless
public class DoseService {
@PersistenceContext(unitName = "PrescriptionUnit")
private EntityManager entityMgr;
/**
* Insert a new dose for a given prescription ID.
* @param prescriptionId The prescription ID.
* @return The inserted {@code Dose} instance if insertion was successful,
* or {@code null} if insertion failed (if there is currently no doses available for the given prescription ID).
*/
@TransactionAttribute(value = TransactionAttributeType.REQUIRED)
public Dose addDose(long prescriptionId) {
// Find the prescription.
Prescription p = entityMgr.find(Prescription.class, prescriptionId);
if (p == null) {
// Invalid prescription ID.
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Prescription with id " + prescriptionId + " does not exist.");
}
// TODO is this sufficient locking?
entityMgr.lock(p, LockModeType.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT);
Dose d = null;
if (isDoseAvailable(p)) {
// A dose is available, create it and insert it into the database.
d = new Dose();
// Setup the link between the new dose and its parent prescription.
d.setPrescription(p);
p.getDoses().add(d);
}
try {
// Flush changes to database.
entityMgr.flush();
return d;
} catch (OptimisticLockException ole) {
// Rethrow application-managed exception to ensure that caller will have a chance of detecting failure due to concurrent updates.
// (OptimisticLockExceptions can be swallowed by the container)
// See "Recovering from Optimistic Failures" (page 365) in "Pro JPA 2" by M. Keith and M. Schincariol for details.
throw new ChangeCollisionException();
}
}
/**
* Checks if a dose is available for a given prescription.
* @param p The prescription for which to look up if a dose is available.
* @return {@code true} if a dose is available, {@code false} otherwise.
*/
@TransactionAttribute(value = TransactionAttributeType.MANDATORY)
private boolean isDoseAvailable(Prescription p) {
// Business logic that inspects p.getDoses() and decides if it is safe to give the patient a dose at this time.
}
}
addDose(long) 可以同时调用。在决定剂量是否可用时,业务逻辑会检查处方的剂量集合。如果这个集合被同时修改(例如通过并发调用addDose(long)),事务应该失败。我使用LockModeType.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT 来实现这一点(而不是在 DOSE 表上获取表锁)。在Pro JPA 2 by Keith and Schincariol 我读到:
写锁保证了乐观读锁所做的一切,但是 还承诺增加交易中的版本字段 无论用户是否更新了实体。 [...] 这 使用 OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT 的常见情况是保证 实体关系变化的一致性(通常是 在对象中时与目标外键的一对多关系) model 实体关系指针发生变化,但在数据模型中 实体表中的列没有变化。
我对这种锁定模式的理解正确吗?如果处方的剂量集合发生任何变化(无论是添加、删除或更新集合中的任何剂量),我当前的策略是否确保addDose 事务将失败?
【问题讨论】:
-
据我了解,如果对象上存在并发事务,则无论该并发事务是否修改您的对象,您的事务都会失败。在乐观并发中,如果修改对象的版本和当前对象的版本不匹配,事务就会失败。
-
您使用的是什么容器/Web 应用程序服务器?并非所有容器都以相同的方式实现 JPA 或 EJB 标准。有些完全忽略某些参数或注释。
-
@JeffreyColeman 我正在使用 GlassFish 开源版本。
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@JanusVarmarken 感谢您的回复。那么在那种情况下,我会说我的第一个猜测可能是错误的,但是当我有机会时,我会为您检查文档。 GlassFish 通常实现所有内容,因为它是 JEE 规范的试验场。