Spring Data JDBC Firebird方言无法识别答案

【问题标题】：Spring Data JDBC Firebird dialect not recognizedSpring Data JDBC Firebird方言无法识别
【发布时间】：2020-09-03 04:23:32
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试使用 Spring Data JDBC 和 Spring Boot 连接到 Firebird 数据库。我使用 Spring Tools 创建了一个简单的应用程序。 Spring Data JDBC 无法识别方言。我认为问题在于DialectResolver 不支持 Firebird。

private static Dialect getDialect(Connection connection) throws SQLException {

    DatabaseMetaData metaData = connection.getMetaData();

    String name = metaData.getDatabaseProductName().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);

    if (name.contains("hsql")) {
        return HsqlDbDialect.INSTANCE;
    }
    if (name.contains("h2")) {
        return H2Dialect.INSTANCE;
    }
    if (name.contains("mysql")) { // catches also mariadb
        return new MySqlDialect(getIdentifierProcessing(metaData));
    }
    if (name.contains("postgresql")) {
        return PostgresDialect.INSTANCE;
    }
    if (name.contains("microsoft")) {
        return SqlServerDialect.INSTANCE;
    }
    if (name.contains("db2")) {
        return Db2Dialect.INSTANCE;
    }
    return null;
}

我是 Java 和 Spring Boot 的新手。有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗？

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'jdbcConverter' defined in class path resource [com/example/relationaldataaccess/ApplicationConfig.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'jdbcConverter' parameter 4; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jdbcDialect' defined in class path resource [com/example/relationaldataaccess/ApplicationConfig.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.Dialect]: Factory method 'jdbcDialect' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver$NoDialectException: Cannot determine a dialect for org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate@74fef3f7. Please provide a Dialect.
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:798) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:539) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1177) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:226) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:895) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878) ~[spring-context-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550) ~[spring-context-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:143) ~[spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar:2.3.0.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:758) [spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar:2.3.0.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:750) [spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar:2.3.0.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) [spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar:2.3.0.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315) [spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar:2.3.0.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1237) [spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar:2.3.0.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1226) [spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar:2.3.0.RELEASE]
    at com.example.relationaldataaccess.Relationaldataaccess1Application.main(Relationaldataaccess1Application.java:10) [classes/:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jdbcDialect' defined in class path resource [com/example/relationaldataaccess/ApplicationConfig.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.Dialect]: Factory method 'jdbcDialect' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver$NoDialectException: Cannot determine a dialect for org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate@74fef3f7. Please provide a Dialect.
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:656) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:636) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1177) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:226) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1306) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1226) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:885) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:789) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 20 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.Dialect]: Factory method 'jdbcDialect' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver$NoDialectException: Cannot determine a dialect for org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate@74fef3f7. Please provide a Dialect.
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:651) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 34 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver$NoDialectException: Cannot determine a dialect for org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate@74fef3f7. Please provide a Dialect.
    at org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver.lambda$getDialect$2(DialectResolver.java:76) ~[spring-data-jdbc-2.0.0.RELEASE.jar:2.0.0.RELEASE]
    at java.util.Optional.orElseThrow(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_66]
    at org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver.getDialect(DialectResolver.java:75) ~[spring-data-jdbc-2.0.0.RELEASE.jar:2.0.0.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.AbstractJdbcConfiguration.jdbcDialect(AbstractJdbcConfiguration.java:144) ~[spring-data-jdbc-2.0.0.RELEASE.jar:2.0.0.RELEASE]
    at com.example.relationaldataaccess.ApplicationConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$6ef57e7e.CGLIB$jdbcDialect$2(<generated>) ~[classes/:na]
    at com.example.relationaldataaccess.ApplicationConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$6ef57e7e$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$f93edce9.invoke(<generated>) ~[classes/:na]
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:244) ~[spring-core-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:331) ~[spring-context-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    at com.example.relationaldataaccess.ApplicationConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$6ef57e7e.jdbcDialect(<generated>) ~[classes/:na]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_66]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_66]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_66]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_66]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 35 common frames omitted

application.properties

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:firebirdsql://localhost:3051/C:\\example.fbd?sql_dialect=3
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.firebirdsql.jdbc.FBDriver
spring.datasource.username=SYSDBA
spring.datasource.password=password

app.java

package com.example.relationaldataaccess;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Relationaldataaccess1Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Relationaldataaccess1Application.class, args);
    }

}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>relationaldataaccess-1</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>relationaldataaccess-1</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

【问题讨论】：

标签： spring spring-boot firebird jaybird spring-data-jdbc

【解决方案1】：

Spring Data JDBC 库本身不包含开箱即用的 Firebird 方言，因此您需要自己提供一个。 Spring Data JDBC 文档的Annotation-based Configuration 中记录了如何执行此操作：

方言由JdbcDialectResolver从JdbcOperations解析，通常通过检查Connection。你可以让 Spring 自动发现你的Dialect 通过注册一个实现的类 org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver$JdbcDialectProvider 通过META-INF/spring.factories。 DialectResolver 发现使用 Spring 的类路径中的方言提供程序实现 SpringFactoriesLoader.

为了能够使用 Firebird，您需要定义三件事：

一种方言
方言解析器
Spring 用于定位方言解析器的配置文件

方言可能类似于（注意，此方言假定 Firebird 3 或更高版本）：

package spring.firebird;

import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.AnsiDialect;
import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.ArrayColumns;
import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.LockClause;
import org.springframework.data.relational.core.sql.LockOptions;

public class FirebirdDialect extends AnsiDialect {

    public static final FirebirdDialect INSTANCE = new FirebirdDialect();

    @Override
    public LockClause lock() {
        return LOCK_CLAUSE;
    }

    @Override
    public ArrayColumns getArraySupport() {
        return ArrayColumns.Unsupported.INSTANCE;
    }

    private static final LockClause LOCK_CLAUSE = new LockClause() {

        @Override
        public String getLock(LockOptions lockOptions) {
            return "WITH LOCK";
        }

        @Override
        public Position getClausePosition() {
            return Position.AFTER_ORDER_BY;
        }
    };
}

如果连接到 Firebird 数据库，则返回方言的方言解析器。

package spring.firebird;

import org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver;
import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.Dialect;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ConnectionCallback;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcOperations;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Optional;

public class FirebirdDialectResolver implements DialectResolver.JdbcDialectProvider {

    @Override
    public Optional<Dialect> getDialect(JdbcOperations operations) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(
                operations.execute((ConnectionCallback<Dialect>) FirebirdDialectResolver::getDialect));
    }

    private static Dialect getDialect(Connection connection) throws SQLException  {
        DatabaseMetaData metaData = connection.getMetaData();
        String name = metaData.getDatabaseProductName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
        if (name.contains("firebird")) {
            return FirebirdDialect.INSTANCE;
        }
        return null;
    }
}

最后，您需要在META-INF 中定义一个名为spring.factories 的资源，该文件必须包含以下行：

org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver$JdbcDialectProvider=spring.firebird.FirebirdDialectResolver

这允许 Spring Data JDBC 发现方言解析器并使用它。

【讨论】：

感谢您的帮助！我已经阅读了手册中的描述，但很难做到正确。
@Mark Rotteveel：我在stackoverflow.com/questions/61999807/… 发布了一个相关问题。你愿意看看吗？
@anjanb 原因和解决方法都是一样的：提供自己的方言解析器。
嗨@MarkRotteveel，谢谢。我选择回滚以启动 2.2.7.RELEASE。

【解决方案2】：

我和同事解决问题，我的解决方法是（去掉依赖spring-boot-stater-data-jdbc保留依赖spring-boot-starter-jdbc）

 <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

~~org.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-data-jdbc依赖>~~

【讨论】：

谢谢你。如果你能提供一些背后的理由来提供更多帮助的话。
这对我有用。我正在连接到 Oracle 数据库。有人能解释一下为什么吗？
我猜 spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc 上的 hikari 位缺少某些数据库的方言实现...
副作用是您将无法使用 Spring Data，但取决于项目，这可能是也可能不是问题。

【解决方案3】：

使用 Spring Boot 2.3.1.RELEASE 的 MariaDB / MySQL 工作解决方案

如果不存在则创建目录/文件：resources/META-INF/spring.factories

org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver$JdbcDialectProvider=com.yourapp.config.MariaDbDialectResolver

创建类：

package com.yourapp.config;

import org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.config.DialectResolver;
import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.Dialect;
import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.MySqlDialect;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcOperations;

import java.util.Optional;

public class MariaDbDialectResolver implements DialectResolver.JdbcDialectProvider {
    @Override
    public Optional<Dialect> getDialect(JdbcOperations jdbcOperations) {
        return Optional.of(MySqlDialect.INSTANCE);
    }
}

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

升级到 SB 2.3.0 后，我发现自己面临同样的问题。 Mark 的出色回答（顺便说一句 has found itself to Spring Data migration docs）帮助我解决了这个问题，但我发现将额外配置添加到 META-INF 并不理想。

我的解决方案，从原始答案延伸：

实现方言
提供自定义 JDBC 配置并覆盖 jdbcDialect()：

@Configuration
public class SpringDataJdbcConfiguration extends AbstractJdbcConfiguration {

    @Override
    public Dialect jdbcDialect(NamedParameterJdbcOperations operations) {
        return operations.getJdbcOperations().execute((ConnectionCallback<Dialect>)
                connection -> isInformix(connection) ? InformixDialect.INSTANCE : super.jdbcDialect(operations));
    }

    private boolean isInformix(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
        return connection.getMetaData().getDatabaseProductName().toUpperCase().contains("INFORMIX");
    }
}

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

我遇到了类似的问题，但使用的是 Oracle DB。

我在项目中所做的更改更简单（我不知道它是否可以解决您使用 Spring Boot 和 Firebase 的问题）

只需在 pom.xml 中用 tomcat-jdbc 替换 HikariCP 依赖即可：

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
    <!-- HikariCP doesn't deals with jdbcDialect properly -->
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
            <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
    <!-- Dependency removed -->
    </dependency>
    <!-- Dependency to tomcat-jdbc to deal with jdbcDialect -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--...-->

祝你好运。

【讨论】：

可悲的是，hikari 似乎因不太受欢迎的数据库而损坏