Log4j2 - 无法识别的转换说明符 [xwEx] 从转换模式中的位置 160 开始答案

【问题标题】：Log4j2 - Unrecognized conversion specifier [xwEx] starting at position 160 in conversion patternLog4j2 - 无法识别的转换说明符 [xwEx] 从转换模式中的位置 160 开始
【发布时间】：2018-11-13 19:01:58
【问题描述】：

我在一个 Maven 多模块项目中有一个 SpringBoot 应用程序，我正在使用 Log4j2 进行日志记录。

当我使用测试运行构建时，一些模块有一个奇怪的日志记录异常，并记录了来自未知（不是我的）类的更多行。

这是个例外：

2018-06-04 14:16:26,791 main ERROR Error creating converter for xwEx java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternParser.createConverter(PatternParser.java:583)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternParser.finalizeConverter(PatternParser.java:639)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternParser.parse(PatternParser.java:415)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternParser.parse(PatternParser.java:177)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout$SerializerBuilder.build(PatternLayout.java:377)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout.<init>(PatternLayout.java:129)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout.<init>(PatternLayout.java:59)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout$Builder.build(PatternLayout.java:660)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout$Builder.build(PatternLayout.java:517)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.util.PluginBuilder.build(PluginBuilder.java:122)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.createPluginObject(AbstractConfiguration.java:958)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.createConfiguration(AbstractConfiguration.java:898)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.createConfiguration(AbstractConfiguration.java:890)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.createConfiguration(AbstractConfiguration.java:890)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.doConfigure(AbstractConfiguration.java:513)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.initialize(AbstractConfiguration.java:237)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.start(AbstractConfiguration.java:249)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext.setConfiguration(LoggerContext.java:545)
    at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext.start(LoggerContext.java:261)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem.loadConfiguration(Log4J2LoggingSystem.java:176)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem.loadDefaults(Log4J2LoggingSystem.java:159)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.AbstractLoggingSystem.initializeWithConventions(AbstractLoggingSystem.java:84)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.AbstractLoggingSystem.initialize(AbstractLoggingSystem.java:59)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem.initialize(Log4J2LoggingSystem.java:148)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.initializeSystem(LoggingApplicationListener.java:303)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.initialize(LoggingApplicationListener.java:276)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:239)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:212)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:167)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:139)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:122)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.environmentPrepared(EventPublishingRunListener.java:73)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.environmentPrepared(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:54)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.prepareEnvironment(SpringApplication.java:336)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:189)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:131)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
    at org.spockframework.spring.SpringTestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(SpringTestContextManager.java:50)
    at org.spockframework.spring.SpringInterceptor.interceptSetupMethod(SpringInterceptor.java:42)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.AbstractMethodInterceptor.intercept(AbstractMethodInterceptor.java:28)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:87)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:472)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSetup(BaseSpecRunner.java:375)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSetup(BaseSpecRunner.java:370)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doRunIteration(BaseSpecRunner.java:323)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$6.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:309)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invokeRaw(BaseSpecRunner.java:481)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:464)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runIteration(BaseSpecRunner.java:288)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.initializeAndRunIteration(BaseSpecRunner.java:278)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSimpleFeature(BaseSpecRunner.java:269)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doRunFeature(BaseSpecRunner.java:263)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$5.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:246)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invokeRaw(BaseSpecRunner.java:481)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:464)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runFeature(BaseSpecRunner.java:238)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runFeatures(BaseSpecRunner.java:188)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doRunSpec(BaseSpecRunner.java:98)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$1.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:84)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invokeRaw(BaseSpecRunner.java:481)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:464)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSpec(BaseSpecRunner.java:76)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.run(BaseSpecRunner.java:67)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.Sputnik.run(Sputnik.java:63)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:283)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeWithRerun(JUnit4Provider.java:173)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:128)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.invokeProviderInSameClassLoader(ForkedBooter.java:203)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:155)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:103)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.ThrowablePatternConverter.<init>(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)V
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.ExtendedWhitespaceThrowablePatternConverter.<init>(ExtendedWhitespaceThrowablePatternConverter.java:42)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.ExtendedWhitespaceThrowablePatternConverter.newInstance(ExtendedWhitespaceThrowablePatternConverter.java:63)
    ... 80 more

然后我得到这条线：

2018-06-04 14:16:26,805 main ERROR Unrecognized conversion specifier [xwEx] starting at position 160 in conversion pattern.

然后我看到未知日志（关于我的班级的前两行）：

2018-06-04 14:16:27.118  INFO 1244 --- [           main] c.m.a.MyTest   : Starting MyTest on blablabla
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:27.148  INFO 1244 --- [           main] c.m.a.MyTest   : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:27.298  INFO 1244 --- [           main] o.s.w.c.s.GenericWebApplicationContext   : Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@51a07eac: startup date [Mon Jun 04 14:16:27 CEST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:31.216  INFO 1244 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration' of type [class org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:32.022  INFO 1244 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'validator' of type [class org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:32.423  INFO 1244 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [class org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$a851eb8b] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:36.988  INFO 1244 --- [           main] o.s.a.f.CglibAopProxy                    : Unable to proxy method [protected final int com.globalblue.refunding.repository.scheduler.SchedulerBaseRepository.doInClauseUpdateWithoutAffectedRowsCheck(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.List)] because it is final: All calls to this method via a proxy will NOT be routed to the target instance.
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:36.997  INFO 1244 --- [           main] o.s.a.f.CglibAopProxy                    : Unable to proxy method [protected final int com.globalblue.refunding.repository.scheduler.SchedulerBaseRepository.doInClauseUpdateWithAffectedRowsCheck(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.List)] because it is final: All calls to this method via a proxy will NOT be routed to the target instance.
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:36.998  INFO 1244 --- [           main] o.s.a.f.CglibAopProxy                    : Unable to proxy method [protected final int com.globalblue.refunding.repository.scheduler.SchedulerBaseRepository.doInClauseUpdate(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.List,boolean)] because it is final: All calls to this method via a proxy will NOT be routed to the target instance.
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:37.567  INFO 1244 --- [           main] o.s.a.f.CglibAopProxy                    : Unable to proxy method [protected final int com.globalblue.refunding.repository.scheduler.SchedulerBaseRepository.doInClauseUpdateWithoutAffectedRowsCheck(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.List)] because it is final: All calls to this method via a proxy will NOT be routed to the target instance.
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:37.568  INFO 1244 --- [           main] o.s.a.f.CglibAopProxy                    : Unable to proxy method [protected final int com.globalblue.refunding.repository.scheduler.SchedulerBaseRepository.doInClauseUpdateWithAffectedRowsCheck(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.List)] because it is final: All calls to this method via a proxy will NOT be routed to the target instance.
%xwEx2018-06-04 14:16:37.569  INFO 1244 --- [           main] o.s.a.f.CglibAopProxy                    : Unable to proxy method [protected final int com.globalblue.refunding.repository.scheduler.SchedulerBaseRepository.doInClauseUpdate(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.List,boolean)] because it is final: All calls to this method via a proxy will NOT be routed to the target instance.

这是我得到这些奇怪东西的模块中的 log4j2-test.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="INFO">
    <Appenders>
        <Console name="stdout">
            <PatternLayout pattern="MyApp: %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %5p [%t] %c{1.}:%L - %m%n"/>
        </Console>
    </Appenders>

    <Loggers>
        <Logger name="com.my.app" level="debug" additivity="false">
            <appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
        </Logger>
        <Logger name="org.springframework" level="warn" additivity="false">
            <Appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
        </Logger>
        <Logger name="org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer" level="error"
                additivity="false">
            <Appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
        </Logger>
        <Root level="info">
            <Appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
        </Root>
    </Loggers>
</Configuration>

最后是模块的 pom.xml：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- Log4j Start -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-jul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-jcl</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.dblock.log4jna</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4jna-api</artifactId>
</dependency>

【问题讨论】：

您是否有可能在某处有代码以编程方式更改配置？
不，这就是我的全部
@victorio 那么，您是否设法解决了这个错误？我遇到了同一个。
我去...还有这个问题吗？
不，异常仍然存在

标签： spring-boot logging log4j2

【解决方案1】：

我认为现有的答案是正确但不完整的。

如果同时发生以下情况，您会收到该错误：

您正在使用旧版本的 spring-boot 和最新版本的 Log4J2（不理想但可能；由于“Log4shell”漏洞，您正在升级 Log4J2，对吧？）
您使用的是 spring-boot 提供的默认日志配置文件（spring-boot-x.x.x.RELEASE.jar 中的 /org/springframework/boot/logging/log4j2/log4j2.xml）。这是真正的问题。

存在默认配置文件以允许快速设置新应用程序。不幸的是，它与 Log4J 2.8+ 不兼容。

可能您想使用自己的配置，并且您可能已经准备好配置文件但应用程序没有找到它。

可能的解决方案：

升级 spring-boot 或降级 Log4J2（当然不推荐）。
如果你真的想使用默认配置（真的吗？），设置这个环境变量：LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD=%throwable as suggested by tsingke
确保您自己的log4j2.xml 或者更好的是log4j2-spring.xml 位于类路径中或logging.config 环境变量指出的路径中（请参阅Custom Log Configuration）。

我使用了解决方案 #3。

旁注：如果你升级 Log4J 但继续使用 spring-boot 1.x 你会遭受其他漏洞，所以这应该只是第一步，即使你的老板（或你的客户）只关心 Log4shell！

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我在升级到 log4j 2.17.1 时遇到了这个问题（由于这些漏洞）。在我的项目中，我需要保留 SpringBoot 1.5。

我只是通过将 log4j2.xml 文件放入“resources”文件夹而不是像以前那样放在根文件夹中来解决它。是的，这没有意义。它不需要是复杂的xml，因为我的很简单，不需要任何与'xwEx'相关的属性。

虽然网上有人说 log4j 2.8+ 和 Spring 1.5 不兼容，但这似乎不是这个特定问题的原因。

我在尝试了很多可能性之后发现了它，与依赖关系斗争并最终绝望并尝试了一切哈哈。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

springboot1 默认 log4j.xml 使用模式：2.8+ 不支持 %xwEx，但我们可以通过设置环境变量 LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD 来覆盖模式，例如：%throwable

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD", "%throwable");
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

【讨论】：

这对我不起作用，而且我没有自定义 log4j2 配置。所以我将 log4j2.xml 从github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/blob/1.5.x/spring-boot/… 复制到“resources”目录并将“LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD”更新为“%throwable”，从而解决了这个问题。

【解决方案4】：

报告了一个问题，称 Spring Boot 1.5 与 Log4j 2.8 不兼容。 https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues/9172

我在使用 Spring Boot 1.5 和 Log4j 2.8.2 时遇到了与您类似的错误，而当我切换到 Log4j 2.7 时这些错误就消失了

【讨论】：

我遇到了同样的问题，这对我有用！
不幸的是，由于著名的“log4shell”漏洞，降级不再是一个好的解决方案。

【解决方案5】：

尝试修改您的 log4j2-test.xml 文件以匹配以下内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration name="${sys:LOG_FILE}" status="WARN"
    strict="true">
    <Properties>
        <Property name="ROLLING_LOG_FILE_NAME"
            value="${sys:LOG_FILE}" />
        <Property name="APP_LOG_FOLDER"
            value="${ROLLING_LOG_FILE_NAME}" />
        <Property name="APP_LOG_BASE_DIRECTORY"
            value="${sys:dtep.logs.home}${sys:file.separator}${APP_LOG_FOLDER}" />
        <Property name="CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN"
            value="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %highlight{%5level} %style{%5processId}{normal, blue} --- [%15thread] %style{%logger{1.}}{normal, cyan} : %message%n%throwable%n" />
        <Property name="FILE_LOG_PATTERN"
            value="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %5level %5processId --- [%15thread] %logger{1.} : %message%n%throwable%n" />
    </Properties>
    <Appenders>
        <Appender type="Console" name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
            <Layout type="PatternLayout" pattern="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}" />
        </Appender>
        <Appender type="RollingFile" name="RollingFile"
            fileName="${APP_LOG_BASE_DIRECTORY}${sys:file.separator}${ROLLING_LOG_FILE_NAME}.log"
            filePattern="${APP_LOG_BASE_DIRECTORY}${sys:file.separator}$${date:yyyy}${sys:file.separator}$${date:MMM}${sys:file.separator}${ROLLING_LOG_FILE_NAME}_%d{yyyy-MM-dd}_%i.log">
            <Layout type="PatternLayout" pattern="${FILE_LOG_PATTERN}" />
            <Policies>
                <Policy type="TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy" />
                <Policy type="SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy" size="1KB" />
            </Policies>
            <Strategy type="DefaultRolloverStrategy" fileIndex="nomax">
                <Delete basePath="${APP_LOG_BASE_DIRECTORY}" maxDepth="5"
                    testMode="false">
                    <IfFileName
                        glob="**${sys:file.separator}${ROLLING_LOG_FILE_NAME}_*.log">
                        <IfLastModified age="1m">
                            <IfAny>
                                <IfAccumulatedFileSize exceeds="3 KB" />
                                <IfAccumulatedFileCount exceeds="3" />
                            </IfAny>
                        </IfLastModified>
                    </IfFileName>
                </Delete>
            </Strategy>
        </Appender>
    </Appenders>
    <Loggers>
        <Root level="TRACE">
            <AppenderRef ref="Console">
                <Filters>
                    <Filter type="ThresholdFilter" level="INFO" onMatch="ACCEPT"
                        onMismatch="DENY" />
                </Filters>
            </AppenderRef>
            <AppenderRef ref="RollingFile">
                <Filters>
                    <Filter type="ThresholdFilter" level="INFO" onMatch="ACCEPT"
                        onMismatch="DENY" />
                </Filters>
            </AppenderRef>
        </Root>
        <AsyncLogger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"
            additivity="false">
            <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
            <AppenderRef ref="RollingFile" />
        </AsyncLogger>
        <AsyncLogger name="org.hibernate" level="INFO"
            additivity="false">
            <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
            <AppenderRef ref="RollingFile" />
        </AsyncLogger>
    </Loggers>
</Configuration>

【讨论】：