CertPathValidatorException：找不到证书路径的信任锚 - Retrofit Android

Question

我正在创建一个使用https 与服务器通信的android 应用程序。我正在使用retrofit 和OkHttp 提出请求。这些适用于标准http 请求。以下是我遵循的步骤。

第 1 步： 使用命令从服务器获取证书文件

echo -n | openssl s_client -connect api.****.tk:443 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > gtux.cert

第 2 步： 使用以下命令将证书转换为 BKS 格式

keytool -importcert -v -trustcacerts -file "gtux.cert" -alias imeto_alias -keystore "my_keystore.bks" -provider org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider -providerpath "bcprov-jdk16-146.jar" -storetype BKS

它要求我输入密码并且文件已成功创建。

第 3 步：

创建一个 OkHttpClient 并使用它来发出 https 请求

public class MySSLTrust {
public static OkHttpClient trustcert(Context context){
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    try {
        KeyStore ksTrust = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
        InputStream instream = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.my_keystore);
        ksTrust.load(instream, "secret".toCharArray());
        // TrustManager decides which certificate authorities to use.
        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory
                .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ksTrust);
        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sslContext.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);
        okHttpClient.setSslSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
    } catch (KeyStoreException | IOException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | CertificateException | KeyManagementException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return okHttpClient;
}
}

第 4 步：

必须创建 RestAdapter

RestAdapter.Builder()
.setRequestInterceptor(intercept)
.setEndpoint("https://api.****.tk")
.setClient(new OkClient(this))
.setLogLevel(RestAdapter.LogLevel.FULL)
.setLog(new AndroidLog("RETROFIT"))
.build();

但最后，当运行应用程序时，它把我扔了CertPathValidatorException : Trust anchor for certificate path not found。请帮我解决这个问题。谢谢你。

其他失败尝试： 试图在我的 Xperia Z2 中安装证书，它说文件已安装，但是当我运行应用程序时，抛出了相同的异常。

错误日志 这是我执行的错误日志...

Error Log

贴在那里以便于阅读..

Answer 1

免责声明：此答案来自 2015 年 7 月，从那时起使用 Retrofit 和 OkHttp。
查看this link 了解有关 Retrofit v2 的更多信息，查看this one 了解当前 OkHttp 方法。

好的，我使用 Android Developers guide 让它工作了。

就像 OP 一样，我正在尝试使用 Retrofit 和 OkHttp 连接到启用自签名 SSL 的服务器。

这是让事情正常运行的代码（我已经删除了 try/catch 块）：

public static RestAdapter createAdapter(Context context) {
  // loading CAs from an InputStream
  CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
  InputStream cert = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.my_cert);
  Certificate ca;
  try {
    ca = cf.generateCertificate(cert);
  } finally { cert.close(); }

  // creating a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs
  String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
  KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
  keyStore.load(null, null);
  keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);

  // creating a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore
  String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
  TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);
  tmf.init(keyStore);

  // creating an SSLSocketFactory that uses our TrustManager
  SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
  sslContext.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);

  // creating an OkHttpClient that uses our SSLSocketFactory
  OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
  okHttpClient.setSslSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());

  // creating a RestAdapter that uses this custom client
  return new RestAdapter.Builder()
              .setEndpoint(UrlRepository.API_BASE)
              .setClient(new OkClient(okHttpClient))
              .build();
}

为了帮助调试，我还在我的 RestAdapter 创建命令中添加了.setLogLevel(RestAdapter.LogLevel.FULL)，我可以看到它正在连接并从服务器获取响应。

只需要保存在main/res/raw 中的原始.crt 文件。 .crt 文件，即证书，是您使用openssl 创建证书时创建的两个文件之一。一般是 .crt 或 .cert 文件，另一个是 .key 文件。

Afaik，.crt 文件是您的公钥，.key 文件是您的私钥。

如我所见，您已经有一个 .cert 文件，它是一样的，所以尝试使用它。

---

PS：对于那些以后阅读它并且只有一个.pem文件的人，根据this answer，你只需要这个将一个转换为其他：

openssl x509 -outform der -in your-cert.pem -out your-cert.crt

---

PS²：对于那些根本没有任何文件的人，您可以使用以下命令 (bash) 从任何服务器提取公钥（又名证书）：

echo -n | openssl s_client -connect your.server.com:443 | \
  sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > ~/my_cert.crt

只需替换 your.server.com 和端口（如果它不是标准 HTTPS）并为要创建的输出文件选择有效路径。

Answer 2

 Use the below code to solve the CertPathValidatorException issue.


 Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
        .baseUrl(YOUR_BASE_URL)
        .client(getUnsafeOkHttpClient().build())
        .build();


  public static OkHttpClient.Builder getUnsafeOkHttpClient() {

    try {
        // Create a trust manager that does not validate certificate chains
        final TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{
                new X509TrustManager() {
                    @Override
                    public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                    }

                    @Override
                    public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                        return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[]{};
                    }
                }
        };

        // Install the all-trusting trust manager
        final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
        sslContext.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom());

        // Create an ssl socket factory with our all-trusting manager
        final SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();

        OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
        builder.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory, (X509TrustManager) trustAllCerts[0]);
        builder.hostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
            @Override
            public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
                return true;
            }
        });
        return builder;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
}

更多详情请访问https://mobikul.com/android-retrofit-handling-sslhandshakeexception/

Answer 3

我不使用 Retrofit，对于 OkHttp，这是唯一适合我的自签名证书解决方案：

1. 像 Gowtham 的问题一样从我们的网站获取证书并将其放入项目的 res/raw 目录中：

   echo -n | openssl s_client -connect elkews.com:443 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > ./res/raw/elkews_cert.crt
   

2. 使用 Paulo answer 设置 ssl 工厂（现在使用 OkHttpClient.Builder()）但不创建 RestAdapter。

3. 然后添加the following解决方案修复：SSLPeerUnverifiedException: Hostname not verify

因此，对我有用的 Paulo 代码的结尾（在 sslContext 初始化之后）如下所示：

...
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder().sslSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
builder.hostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
  @Override
  public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
    return "secure.elkews.com".equalsIgnoreCase(hostname);
});
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = builder.build();

Answer 4

改造 2.3.0

    // Load CAs from an InputStream
    CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");

    InputStream inputStream = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.ssl_certificate); //(.crt)
    Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(inputStream);
    inputStream.close();

    // Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs
    String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
    KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
    keyStore.load(null, null);
    keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", certificate);

    // Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore.
    String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
    TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);
    trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);

    TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
    X509TrustManager x509TrustManager = (X509TrustManager) trustManagers[0];


    // Create an SSLSocketFactory that uses our TrustManager
    SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
    sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager}, null);
    sslSocketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();

    //create Okhttp client
    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory,x509TrustManager)
                .build();

    Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                    .baseUrl(url)
                    .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                    .client(client)
                    .build();

Answer 5

这是 Kotlin 版本。好的http 4.9.0
谢谢你:)

         fun unSafeOkHttpClient() :OkHttpClient.Builder {
            val okHttpClient = OkHttpClient.Builder()
            try {
                // Create a trust manager that does not validate certificate chains
                val trustAllCerts:  Array<TrustManager> = arrayOf(object : X509TrustManager {
                    override fun checkClientTrusted(chain: Array<out X509Certificate>?, authType: String?){}
                    override fun checkServerTrusted(chain: Array<out X509Certificate>?, authType: String?) {}
                    override fun getAcceptedIssuers(): Array<X509Certificate>  = arrayOf()
                })

                // Install the all-trusting trust manager
                val  sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL")
                sslContext.init(null, trustAllCerts, SecureRandom())

                // Create an ssl socket factory with our all-trusting manager
                val sslSocketFactory = sslContext.socketFactory
                if (trustAllCerts.isNotEmpty() &&  trustAllCerts.first() is X509TrustManager) {
                    okHttpClient.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory, trustAllCerts.first() as X509TrustManager)
                    okHttpClient.hostnameVerifier {HostnameVerifier { _, _ -> true } }
                }

                return okHttpClient
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                return okHttpClient
            }
        }

Answer 6

您正在将证书转换为 BKS 密钥库，为什么不直接使用 .cert，来自 https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl.html：

CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
InputStream instream = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.gtux_cert);
Certificate ca;
try {
    ca = cf.generateCertificate(instream);
} finally {
    caInput.close();
}

KeyStore kStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
kStore.load(null, null);
kStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);

TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm(););
tmf.init(kStore);

SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);

okHttpClient.setSslSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory());

Answer 7

在 Kotlin 中的实现：改造 2.3.0

private fun getUnsafeOkHttpClient(mContext: Context) : 
OkHttpClient.Builder? {


var mCertificateFactory : CertificateFactory = 
CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509")
var mInputStream = mContext.resources.openRawResource(R.raw.cert)
            var mCertificate : Certificate = mCertificateFactory.generateCertificate(mInputStream)
        mInputStream.close()
val mKeyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType()
val mKeyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(mKeyStoreType)
mKeyStore.load(null, null)
mKeyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", mCertificate)

val mTmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()
val mTrustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(mTmfAlgorithm)
mTrustManagerFactory.init(mKeyStore)

val mTrustManagers = mTrustManagerFactory.trustManagers

val mSslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL")
mSslContext.init(null, mTrustManagers, null)
val mSslSocketFactory = mSslContext.socketFactory

val builder = OkHttpClient.Builder()
builder.sslSocketFactory(mSslSocketFactory, mTrustManagers[0] as X509TrustManager)
builder.hostnameVerifier { _, _ -> true }
return builder

}

Answer 8

经过长时间的研究和深入挖掘，我找到了在 android 中固定证书的解决方案，是的，它与我们需要证书本身的 iOS 不同，但在 android 中我们只需要一个哈希 pin 就可以了。

如何获取证书的哈希密码？

最初只是使用了错误的哈希引脚，您的 java 类将使用正确的哈希引脚或引脚链抛出错误，只需复制并粘贴到您的代码中即可。

这个解决方案解决了我的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/a/45853669/3448003