假设我们的应用程序使用以下Post、PostComment、PostDetails 和Tag 实体,它们形成了一对多、一对一和多对多的表关系:
如何生成 JPA 标准元模型
Hibernate ORM 提供的hibernate-jpamodelgen 工具可用于扫描项目实体并生成JPA Criteria Metamodel。只需在 Maven pom.xml 配置文件中的maven-compiler-plugin 中添加以下annotationProcessorPath:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<annotationProcessorPaths>
<annotationProcessorPath>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpamodelgen</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</annotationProcessorPath>
</annotationProcessorPaths>
</configuration>
</plugin>
现在,当项目编译完成后,可以看到在target文件夹中,生成了以下Java类:
> tree target/generated-sources/
target/generated-sources/
└── annotations
└── com
└── vladmihalcea
└── book
└── hpjp
└── hibernate
├── forum
│ ├── PostComment_.java
│ ├── PostDetails_.java
│ ├── Post_.java
│ └── Tag_.java
标记实体元模型
如果Tag实体映射如下:
@Entity
@Table(name = "tag")
public class Tag {
@Id
private Long id;
private String name;
//Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}
Tag_ 元模型类是这样生成的:
@Generated(value = "org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor")
@StaticMetamodel(Tag.class)
public abstract class Tag_ {
public static volatile SingularAttribute<Tag, String> name;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<Tag, Long> id;
public static final String NAME = "name";
public static final String ID = "id";
}
SingularAttribute 用于基本的id 和name Tag JPA 实体属性。
发布实体元模型
Post 实体的映射如下:
@Entity
@Table(name = "post")
public class Post {
@Id
private Long id;
private String title;
@OneToMany(
mappedBy = "post",
cascade = CascadeType.ALL,
orphanRemoval = true
)
private List<PostComment> comments = new ArrayList<>();
@OneToOne(
mappedBy = "post",
cascade = CascadeType.ALL,
fetch = FetchType.LAZY
)
@LazyToOne(LazyToOneOption.NO_PROXY)
private PostDetails details;
@ManyToMany
@JoinTable(
name = "post_tag",
joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "post_id"),
inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "tag_id")
)
private List<Tag> tags = new ArrayList<>();
//Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}
Post 实体有两个基本属性,id 和 title、一对多 comments 集合、一对一 details 关联和多对多tags收藏。
Post_ Metamodel 类生成如下:
@Generated(value = "org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor")
@StaticMetamodel(Post.class)
public abstract class Post_ {
public static volatile ListAttribute<Post, PostComment> comments;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<Post, PostDetails> details;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<Post, Long> id;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<Post, String> title;
public static volatile ListAttribute<Post, Tag> tags;
public static final String COMMENTS = "comments";
public static final String DETAILS = "details";
public static final String ID = "id";
public static final String TITLE = "title";
public static final String TAGS = "tags";
}
基本的id 和title 属性以及一对一的details 关联由SingularAttribute 表示,而comments 和tags 集合由JPA 表示ListAttribute.
PostDetails 实体元模型
PostDetails 实体的映射如下:
@Entity
@Table(name = "post_details")
public class PostDetails {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
@Column(name = "created_on")
private Date createdOn;
@Column(name = "created_by")
private String createdBy;
@OneToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@MapsId
@JoinColumn(name = "id")
private Post post;
//Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}
所有实体属性都将由关联的PostDetails_ 元模型类中的 JPA SingularAttribute 表示:
@Generated(value = "org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor")
@StaticMetamodel(PostDetails.class)
public abstract class PostDetails_ {
public static volatile SingularAttribute<PostDetails, Post> post;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<PostDetails, String> createdBy;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<PostDetails, Long> id;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<PostDetails, Date> createdOn;
public static final String POST = "post";
public static final String CREATED_BY = "createdBy";
public static final String ID = "id";
public static final String CREATED_ON = "createdOn";
}
PostComment 实体元模型
PostComment 映射如下:
@Entity
@Table(name = "post_comment")
public class PostComment {
@Id
private Long id;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Post post;
private String review;
//Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}
并且,所有实体属性都由关联的 PostComments_ 元模型类中的 JPA SingularAttribute 表示:
@Generated(value = "org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor")
@StaticMetamodel(PostComment.class)
public abstract class PostComment_ {
public static volatile SingularAttribute<PostComment, Post> post;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<PostComment, String> review;
public static volatile SingularAttribute<PostComment, Long> id;
public static final String POST = "post";
public static final String REVIEW = "review";
public static final String ID = "id";
}
使用 JPA 标准元模型
如果没有 JPA 元模型,需要获取由关联的 Post 标题过滤的 PostComment 实体的 Criteria API 查询将如下所示:
CriteriaBuilder builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<PostComment> query = builder.createQuery(PostComment.class);
Root<PostComment> postComment = query.from(PostComment.class);
Join<PostComment, Post> post = postComment.join("post");
query.where(
builder.equal(
post.get("title"),
"High-Performance Java Persistence"
)
);
List<PostComment> comments = entityManager
.createQuery(query)
.getResultList();
请注意,我们在创建 Join 实例时使用了 post 字符串文字,而在引用 Post title 时我们使用了 title 字符串文字。
JPA 元模型允许我们避免硬编码实体属性,如下例所示:
CriteriaBuilder builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<PostComment> query = builder.createQuery(PostComment.class);
Root<PostComment> postComment = query.from(PostComment.class);
Join<PostComment, Post> post = postComment.join(PostComment_.post);
query.where(
builder.equal(
post.get(Post_.title),
"High-Performance Java Persistence"
)
);
List<PostComment> comments = entityManager
.createQuery(query)
.getResultList();
或者,假设我们要在过滤 Post title 和 PostDetails createdOn 属性时获取 DTO 投影。
我们可以在创建连接属性时使用元模型,以及在构建 DTO 投影列别名或引用我们需要过滤的实体属性时:
CriteriaBuilder builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Object[]> query = builder.createQuery(Object[].class);
Root<PostComment> postComment = query.from(PostComment.class);
Join<PostComment, Post> post = postComment.join(PostComment_.post);
query.multiselect(
postComment.get(PostComment_.id).alias(PostComment_.ID),
postComment.get(PostComment_.review).alias(PostComment_.REVIEW),
post.get(Post_.title).alias(Post_.TITLE)
);
query.where(
builder.and(
builder.like(
post.get(Post_.title),
"%Java Persistence%"
),
builder.equal(
post.get(Post_.details).get(PostDetails_.CREATED_BY),
"Vlad Mihalcea"
)
)
);
List<PostCommentSummary> comments = entityManager
.createQuery(query)
.unwrap(Query.class)
.setResultTransformer(Transformers.aliasToBean(PostCommentSummary.class))
.getResultList();
很酷,对吧?