如何在存储库中使用 mockito 测试 InternalServerError？

Question

我正在编写一个测试来测试控制器中失败情况的 POST 方法。 它返回 415，我期待 500。我使用 mockito 模拟了响应。 控制器测试

@Test
@DisplayName("POST /customers - Failure")
void createProductShouldFail() throws Exception {
    // Setup mocked service
    when(customerService.save(any(Customer.class))).thenThrow(HttpServerErrorException.InternalServerError.class);
    RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/customers").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .content("{\"name\":\"John\"}");
    MvcResult result=mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
    MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();
            // Validate the response code and content type
    assertEquals(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), response.getStatus());
}

控制器

    @PostMapping(path = "/customers")
public ResponseEntity<Customer> saveCustomer(@RequestBody Customer customer){
    try {
        // Create the new product
        Customer savedCustomer = customerService.save(customer);
        // Build a created response
        return ResponseEntity
                .created(new URI("/customers/" + savedCustomer.getId()))
                .body(savedCustomer);
    } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).build();
    }
}

错误：

      HTTP Method = POST
      Request URI = /customers
       Parameters = {}
          Headers = [Accept:"application/json", Content-Length:"15"]
             Body = {"name":"John"}
    Session Attrs = {}

Handler:
             Type = com.prabhakar.customer.controller.CustomerController
           Method = com.prabhakar.customer.controller.CustomerController#saveCustomer(Customer)

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = org.springframework.web.HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException

ModelAndView:
        View name = null
             View = null
            Model = null

FlashMap:
       Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
           Status = 415
    Error message = null
          Headers = [Accept:"application/json, application/*+json"]
     Content type = null
             Body = 
    Forwarded URL = null
   Redirected URL = null
          Cookies = []

org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError: 
Expected :500
Actual   :415

但是 415-Unsupported Media Type 客户端错误响应代码。

我为这个方法使用了相同的有效负载，它有效。

  

      @Test
        @DisplayName("POST /customers - Success")
        void createProductShouldSucceed() throws Exception {
            // Setup mocked service
            Customer mockCustomer = new Customer(1L, "John");
            when(customerService.save(any(Customer.class))).thenReturn(mockCustomer);
            this.mockMvc.perform(post("/customers")
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .content("{\"name\":\"John\"}"))
                    // Validate the response code and content type
                    .andExpect(status().isCreated())
                    .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                    //Validate returned json fields
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1L))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("John"));
        }

Update I have added

@RestController
@EnableWebMvc

这会引发一个模拟错误但代码在mockmvc.perform附近中断。

org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.web.client.HttpServerErrorException$InternalServerError

如何验证这是否有效。 assertEquals(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), response.getStatus());

Answer 1

可以参考Spring MVC Test Framework - Unsupported Media Type

您的控制器中可能缺少 @EnableWebMvc 注释。

编辑 - 评论：

而不是

RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/customers").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        .content("{\"name\":\"John\"}");
MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();
        // Validate the response code and content type
assertEquals(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), 
response.getStatus());
    

试试：

  mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder)
            .andExpect(status().isInternalServerError());

Answer 2

要解决问题，您必须考虑两件事：

• 首先，您必须使用.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)，而不是使用.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)。

• 第二，您必须考虑的另一件事是，如果您不处理异常（使用控制器建议或其他方式），您必须这样做，因为当您执行第一步时您将收到以下错误：

  • org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.web.client.HttpServerErrorException$InternalServerError

我采用的解决方法是在CustomerController 中使用@ExceptionHandler 来测试您的代码（这不是执行此操作的最佳位置，具体取决于您在做什么。而是使用@ControllerAdvice。您可以找到一些这里的例子https://www.baeldung.com/exception-handling-for-rest-with-spring)。

在用于重新创建案例的完整代码下方。

Customer.class

public class Customer {
    private Long id;
    private String name;

    public Customer(Long id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    // + getter and setter
}

CustomerController.class

@RestController
public class CustomerController {

    private final CustomerService customerService;

    public CustomerController(CustomerService customerService) {
        this.customerService = customerService;
    }

    @PostMapping(path = "/customers")
    public ResponseEntity<Customer> saveCustomer(@RequestBody Customer customer) {
        try {
            // Create the new product
            Customer savedCustomer = customerService.save(customer);
            // Build a created response
            return ResponseEntity
                    .created(new URI("/customers/" + savedCustomer.getId()))
                    .body(savedCustomer);
        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).build();
        }
    }

    // Code used to avoid the error explained in the second step
    @ExceptionHandler
    public ResponseEntity<?> handlingInternalServerError(HttpServerErrorException.InternalServerError ex) {
        // code to be executed when the exception is thrown (logs, ...)
        return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
}

CustomerService.class

@Service
public class CustomerService {

    public Customer save(Customer customer) {
        return customer;
    }
}

CustomerControllerTest.class

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class CustomerControllerTest {

    @MockBean
    private CustomerService customerService;

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    @DisplayName("POST /customers - Failure")
    void saveCustomer() throws Exception {

        Customer customerMock = new Customer(1L, "John");
        // Setup mocked service
        when(customerService.save(any(Customer.class))).thenThrow(HttpServerErrorException.InternalServerError.class);
        RequestBuilder requestBuilder = post("/customers")
                .content("{\"name\":\"John\"}")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();

        MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();

        // Validate the response code and content type
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), response.getStatus());
    }
}

注意：此测试是使用 Java 8 和 JUnit5 执行的

基于您的评论的其他注意事项： 好的。 @prabhakar-maity，根据您的情况，我的建议是使用 @ExceptionHandler 或 @ControllerAdvice 而不是 try...catch。例如，您的控制器或多个控制器中有 6 个方法，并且想要处理相同的异常（内部服务器错误）并返回相同的信息，因此您必须在每个方法中实现 try..catch，同时使用 @ ControllerAdive（多个控制器）或@ExceptionHandler（一个控制器）你在一个地方实现你的逻辑

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