无法在 Java Selenium 中选择 Bootstrap 下拉菜单

Question

我很难在 Selenium 中选择引导下拉菜单。

我是 Selenium 的新手，所以任何建议和指导都会非常有帮助，因为我想做的只是选择下拉列表，输入“电子邮件”，然后在实例期间按 Enter。

我已经尝试了几十个解决方案，但没有一个对这个特定问题有效。

我能做什么？请帮忙。

硒

package newPackage;


import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;


public class importLeads {

	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
		
		        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\David\\Downloads\\Notes\\WebDriver\\chromedriver.exe");
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

    //login to site
    driver.get("https://demos5.softaculous.com/Mautic/s/contacts/import/new");
    driver.manage().window().maximize();
    driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
    driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("password");
    driver.findElement(By.className("btn")).click();
    Thread.sleep(2000);

    //importing Data
    WebElement uploadBox = driver.findElement(By.id("lead_import_file"));
    uploadBox.sendKeys("C:\\Users\\David\\Downloads\\data_file.csv");
    driver.findElement(By.id("lead_import_start")).click();

    //Select from dropdown
    WebElement dropdownToggle = driver.findElement(By.xpath("id('lead_field_import_email_address')"));
    Actions cursor = new Actions(driver);
    cursor.moveToElement(dropdownToggle);
    cursor.click();
    cursor.perform();
    Thread.sleep(1000);
    WebElement weh = driver.findElement(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address_chosen"));

    Actions cursor2 = new Actions(driver);
    cursor2.moveToElement(weh);
    cursor2.click();

	}
}

---

这里是数据文件ufile.io/vy2ws的链接

要上传 .CSV 文件，您必须运行该软件的本地版本。下载地址：https://www.mautic.org/m/asset/54:mautic-2100

上传后，它应该看起来像这样，它要求从下拉列表中进行选择。

HTML

<div class="col-sm-4">
   <div class="row">
      <div class="form-group col-xs-12 ">
         <label class="control-label" for="lead_field_import_email_address">Email address</label>        
         <div class="choice-wrapper">
            <select id="lead_field_import_email_address" name="lead_field_import[email_address]" class="form-control" autocomplete="false" style="display: none;">
               <option value=""></option>
               <optgroup label="Contact">
                  <option value="email">Email</option>
               </optgroup>
            </select>
            <div class="chosen-container chosen-container-single chosen-with-drop chosen-container-active" style="width: 100%;" title="" id="lead_field_import_email_address_chosen">
               <a class="chosen-single chosen-default">
                  <span>Choose one...</span>
                  <div><b></b></div>
               </a>
               <div class="chosen-drop">
                  <div class="chosen-search"><input type="text" autocomplete="off"></div>
                  <ul class="chosen-results">
                     <li class="group-result">Contact</li>
                     <li class="active-result group-option" data-option-array-index="9" style="">Email</li>
                  </ul>
               </div>
            </div>
         </div>
      </div>
   </div>
</div>

---

更换：

WebElement dropdownToggle = driver.findElement(By.xpath("id('lead_field_import_email_add‌​ress')")); 

到这里：

WebElement dropdownToggle = driver.findElement(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address"))‌​;

导致：

Starting ChromeDriver 2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f) on port 35535
Only local connections are allowed.
Oct 22, 2017 1:20:49 AM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"id","selector":"lead_field_import_email_address"}
  (Session info: chrome=61.0.3163.100)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.14393 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds
For documentation on this error, please visit: http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
Build info: version: '3.6.0', revision: '6fbf3ec767', time: '2017-09-27T16:15:26.402Z'
System info: host: 'DAVID-PC', ip: '192.235.0.1', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_151'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities [{mobileEmulationEnabled=false, hasTouchScreen=false, platform=XP, acceptSslCerts=true, webStorageEnabled=true, browserName=chrome, takesScreenshot=true, javascriptEnabled=true, platformName=XP, setWindowRect=true, unexpectedAlertBehaviour=, applicationCacheEnabled=false, rotatable=false, networkConnectionEnabled=false, chrome={chromedriverVersion=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f), userDataDir=C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\scoped_dir4068_28713}, takesHeapSnapshot=true, pageLoadStrategy=normal, unhandledPromptBehavior=, databaseEnabled=false, handlesAlerts=true, version=61.0.3163.100, browserConnectionEnabled=false, nativeEvents=true, locationContextEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true}]
Session ID: ee90469095e7b1121dc2e387d8e485e6
*** Element info: {Using=id, value=lead_field_import_email_address}
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:214)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:166)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.JsonHttpResponseCodec.reconstructValue(JsonHttpResponseCodec.java:40)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AbstractHttpResponseCodec.decode(AbstractHttpResponseCodec.java:82)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AbstractHttpResponseCodec.decode(AbstractHttpResponseCodec.java:45)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:164)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:586)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:356)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementById(RemoteWebDriver.java:402)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$ById.findElement(By.java:218)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:348)
    at newPackage.importLeads.main(importLeads.java:31)

---

替换

WebElement dropdownToggle = driver.findElement(By.xpath("id('lead_field_import_email_address')"));
    Actions cursor = new Actions(driver);

与

WebElement element =  driver.findElement(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address"));
    Select select = new Select(element);

导致：

Starting ChromeDriver 2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f) on port 32443
Only local connections are allowed.
Oct 23, 2017 1:36:09 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"id","selector":"lead_field_import_email_address"}
  (Session info: chrome=61.0.3163.100)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.15063 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds
For documentation on this error, please visit: http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
Build info: version: '3.6.0', revision: '6fbf3ec767', time: '2017-09-27T16:15:26.402Z'
System info: host: 'HOME-PC', ip: '192.235.0.1', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_151'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities [{mobileEmulationEnabled=false, hasTouchScreen=false, platform=XP, acceptSslCerts=true, webStorageEnabled=true, browserName=chrome, takesScreenshot=true, javascriptEnabled=true, platformName=XP, setWindowRect=true, unexpectedAlertBehaviour=, applicationCacheEnabled=false, rotatable=false, networkConnectionEnabled=false, chrome={chromedriverVersion=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f), userDataDir=C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\1\scoped_dir5416_25737}, takesHeapSnapshot=true, pageLoadStrategy=normal, unhandledPromptBehavior=, databaseEnabled=false, handlesAlerts=true, version=61.0.3163.100, browserConnectionEnabled=false, nativeEvents=true, locationContextEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true}]
Session ID: 40cde314a5a76400aceff8b625b38e3c
*** Element info: {Using=id, value=lead_field_import_email_address}
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:214)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:166)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.JsonHttpResponseCodec.reconstructValue(JsonHttpResponseCodec.java:40)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AbstractHttpResponseCodec.decode(AbstractHttpResponseCodec.java:82)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AbstractHttpResponseCodec.decode(AbstractHttpResponseCodec.java:45)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:164)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:586)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:356)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementById(RemoteWebDriver.java:402)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$ById.findElement(By.java:218)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:348)
    at newAutomation.importLeads.main(importLeads.java:33)

---

Answer 1

查看您提供的HTML，带有id="lead_field_import_email_address" 的WebElement 包含在Select 标记中。因此，在这种情况下，我们应该尝试使用 Select 类，而不是使用 Actions 类，如下所示：

WebElement element =  driver.findElement(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address"));
Select select = new Select(element);

接下来，我们可以通过调用selectByIndex(n)、selectByValue("value") 或selectByVisibleText("visible_text") 方法来选择options 中的任何一个。

Answer 2

我尝试手动复制您的代码步骤，但是当我加载 data_file.csv 并单击上传按钮时：

什么都没有发生。

而且，在 html 中，没有您尝试查找的元素：

WebElement dropdownToggle = driver.findElement(By.xpath("id('lead_field_import_email_address')"));

这就是我写this comment的原因。

我可以想象应该打开一些东西。来自信息：

• 限制
• 分隔符
• 外壳
• 逃跑

我可以假设您必须上传具有特定格式的文件。

编辑

在本地尝试它有效。 我不太了解您的这部分代码：

        //Select from dropdown
        WebElement dropdownToggle = driver.findElement(By.xpath("id('lead_field_import_email_address')"));
        Actions cursor = new Actions(driver);
        cursor.moveToElement(dropdownToggle);
        cursor.click();
        cursor.perform();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        WebElement weh = driver.findElement(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address_chosen"));

        Actions cursor2 = new Actions(driver);
        cursor2.moveToElement(weh);
        cursor2.click();

如果您想从电子邮件下拉列表中进行选择，您可以使用 xpath：

WebElement we = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='choice-wrapper']//div[@id='lead_field_import_email_address_chosen']"));

或者只是id：

WebElement we= driver.findElement(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address_chosen"));

并执行感兴趣的操作。

所以，例如：

    WebElement we= driver.findElement(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address_chosen"));
    we.click();
    we.sendKeys("email");
    we.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

编辑 2

您的问题是您使用 Thread.sleep(XXXX); 来等待元素。这不是确定性的。您必须使用显式等待。

来自Explicit Waits：

显式等待是您定义的等待特定条件的代码 在代码中进一步进行之前发生。的极端情况 这是 time.sleep()，它将条件设置为确切的时间段 等待。提供了一些方便的方法来帮助您 编写只等待所需时间的代码。 WebDriverWait in 与 ExpectedCondition 结合是一种方法 完成。

所以，在java中你需要：

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);
WebElement we=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address_chosen")));

总是来自上一个链接：

这会在抛出 TimeoutException 之前等待最多 15 秒，除非 它会在 15 秒内找到要返回的元素。 WebDriverWait by 默认每 500 毫秒调用一次 ExpectedCondition，直到它 成功返回。成功返回是为 ExpectedCondition 类型为布尔返回真或非空返回值所有其他 ExpectedCondition 类型。

最后，整个代码：

        String geckoDriver = System.getProperty("pathTo/geckodriver";
        System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", geckoDriver);
        WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();
        driver.get("http://localhost:8888/2.10.0/s/contacts/import/new");
        driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
        driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("password");
        driver.findElement(By.className("btn")).click();

        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);

        WebElement uploadBox=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("lead_import_file")));
        uploadBox.sendKeys("/pathTo/data_file.csv");
        driver.findElement(By.id("lead_import_start")).click();

        //Select from dropdown
        WebElement we=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address_chosen")));
        we.click();
        we.sendKeys("email");
        we.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

编辑 3

使用 Firefox，上面的代码（在我的测试中）是可以的。我注意到您使用 Chrome。使用 Chrome，我有 this problem。 solution 对我有用：

        //Select from dropdown
        WebElement we=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("lead_field_import_email_address_chosen")));
        /*we.click();
        we.sendKeys("email");*/

        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
        actions.moveToElement(we);
        actions.click();
        actions.sendKeys("email");
        actions.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);
        actions.build().perform();