Selenium Web 驱动程序在元素可见且可单击时无法单击按钮，抛出 org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException答案

【问题标题】：Selenium web driver cannot click a button while element is visible and clickable, throws org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableExceptionSelenium Web 驱动程序在元素可见且可单击时无法单击按钮，抛出 org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException
【发布时间】：2017-10-21 10:15:56
【问题描述】：

我有以下菜单栏，我尝试使用 selenium 网络驱动程序进行测试：

<div class="text-center">
  <div class="btn-group pull-left">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="id-home_prevButton" style="min-height:10px;min-width:10px" hidden="false"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    </button><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="id-home_nextButton" style="min-height:10px;min-width:10px" hidden="false"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></button>
  </div>
  <span class="span-title" id="id-home_title">Home</span>
  <div class="btn-group pull-right">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="id-home_infoButton" hidden="false"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span></button>
    <div class="btn-group">
      <button type="button" id="id-home_dropDownButton" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" hidden="false">
        <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-align-justify"></i><span class="caret"></span></button>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right simple-title-dropdown" role="menu">
        <li><a href="#home" id="id-home_menu_homeLink">Home</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

按钮 ID 是唯一的。

点击按钮的Selenium scala代码是：

def wEPrint(description: String, wE: WebElement): String = {
  s"$description = wE.getTagName: ${wE.getTagName}  wE.getText: ${wE.getText}  wE.getSize: ${wE.getSize}  wE.isDisplayed: ${wE.isDisplayed}  wE.isEnabled: ${wE.isEnabled}  wE.isSelected: ${wE.isSelected}"
}

...


log.debug("Find id-home_prevButton")

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait
val waitPrevButton = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20)
val prevButton = driver.findElement(By.id("id-home_prevButton"))
log.debug(wEPrint("prevButton",prevButton))
waitPrevButton.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("id-home_prevButton")))
log.debug("id-home_prevButton.click")
prevButton.click()

sbt 控制台输出为：

22:49:11.378 [run-main-3] DEBUG com.example.selex.MWLExp$ - Find id-home_prevButton
22:49:11.539 [run-main-3] DEBUG com.example.selex.MWLExp$ - prevButton = wE.getTagName: button  wE.getText:   wE.getSize: (40, 34)  wE.isDisplayed: true  wE.isEnabled: true  wE.isSelected: false
22:49:11.588 [run-main-3] DEBUG com.example.selex.MWLExp$ - id-home_prevButton.click
[error] (run-main-3) org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException: 
[error] Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
[error] System info: host: 'tra', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-72-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
[error] Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
[error] Capabilities [{moz:profile=/tmp/rust_mozprofile.T6j4aNCkep6a, rotatable=false, timeouts={implicit=0.0, pageLoad=300000.0, script=30000.0}, pageLoadStrategy=normal, platform=ANY, specificationLevel=0.0, moz:accessibilityChecks=false, acceptInsecureCerts=false, browserVersion=53.0, platformVersion=4.4.0-72-generic, moz:processID=51151.0, browserName=firefox, javascriptEnabled=true, platformName=linux}]
[error] Session ID: 1349d85f-d360-4725-963c-f6ec277e308c
org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException: 
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'tra', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-72-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
Capabilities [{moz:profile=/tmp/rust_mozprofile.T6j4aNCkep6a, rotatable=false, timeouts={implicit=0.0, pageLoad=300000.0, script=30000.0}, pageLoadStrategy=normal, platform=ANY, specificationLevel=0.0, moz:accessibilityChecks=false, acceptInsecureCerts=false, browserVersion=53.0, platformVersion=4.4.0-72-generic, moz:processID=51151.0, browserName=firefox, javascriptEnabled=true, platformName=linux}]
Session ID: 1349d85f-d360-4725-963c-f6ec277e308c
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:150)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:115)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:45)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:164)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:82)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:637)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.execute(RemoteWebElement.java:272)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.click(RemoteWebElement.java:82)
    at com.example.selex.MWLExp$.run01(MWLExp.scala:92)
    at simple.MainJVM$.main(DemoJVM.scala:44)
    at simple.MainJVM.main(DemoJVM.scala)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

Selenium 测试代码可以找到按钮，显示并启用，visibilityOfElementLocated 成功但是点击会抛出 ElementNotInteractableException。

当我在没有 selenium 的情况下运行应用程序时，按钮是可见的，我可以单击它并且它可以正常工作。

在 selenium IDE 中单击该按钮可以正常工作。点击按钮的 Selenium IDE Java 代码为：

driver.findElement(By.id("id-home_prevButton")).click();

编辑

我稍微修改了代码：

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait
val waitPrevButton = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20)
val prevButton = driver.findElement(By.id("id-home_prevButton"))
log.debug(wEPrint("prevButton",prevButton))
waitPrevButton.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("id-home_prevButton")))
log.debug("id-home_prevButton.click")
//prevButton.click()
//prevButton.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN)
prevButton.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER)

现在异常消息是：

23:30:56.497 [run-main-6] DEBUG com.example.selex.MWLExp$ - Find id-home_prevButton
23:30:56.735 [run-main-6] DEBUG com.example.selex.MWLExp$ - prevButton = wE.getTagName: button  wE.getText:   wE.getSize: (40, 34)  wE.isDisplayed: true  wE.isEnabled: true  wE.isSelected: false
23:30:56.798 [run-main-6] DEBUG com.example.selex.MWLExp$ - id-home_prevButton.click
[error] (run-main-6) org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException: Element is not visible
[error] Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
[error] System info: host: 'tra', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-72-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
[error] Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
[error] Capabilities [{moz:profile=/tmp/rust_mozprofile.gBopOPHPUrCL, rotatable=false, timeouts={implicit=0.0, pageLoad=300000.0, script=30000.0}, pageLoadStrategy=normal, platform=ANY, specificationLevel=0.0, moz:accessibilityChecks=false, acceptInsecureCerts=false, browserVersion=53.0, platformVersion=4.4.0-72-generic, moz:processID=54936.0, browserName=firefox, javascriptEnabled=true, platformName=linux}]
[error] Session ID: eba7323c-6412-4ed7-a91f-3f897b3ec83f
org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException: Element is not visible
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'tra', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-72-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
Capabilities [{moz:profile=/tmp/rust_mozprofile.gBopOPHPUrCL, rotatable=false, timeouts={implicit=0.0, pageLoad=300000.0, script=30000.0}, pageLoadStrategy=normal, platform=ANY, specificationLevel=0.0, moz:accessibilityChecks=false, acceptInsecureCerts=false, browserVersion=53.0, platformVersion=4.4.0-72-generic, moz:processID=54936.0, browserName=firefox, javascriptEnabled=true, platformName=linux}]
Session ID: eba7323c-6412-4ed7-a91f-3f897b3ec83f
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:150)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:115)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:45)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:164)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:82)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:637)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.execute(RemoteWebElement.java:272)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.sendKeys(RemoteWebElement.java:96)
    at com.example.selex.MWLExp$.run01(MWLExp.scala:93)
    at simple.MainJVM$.main(DemoJVM.scala:44)
    at simple.MainJVM.main(DemoJVM.scala)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

所以现在它说该元素不可见，尽管 visibilityOfElementLocated 已成功并且它已显示并启用。

这个异常的原因是什么以及如何解决它？

感谢您的支持。

【问题讨论】：

标签： java html scala selenium selenium-webdriver

【解决方案1】：

提到Selenium Advanced User Interaction API，例如here: 我可以解决这个问题。修改后的 selenium 代码如下：

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait
val waitPrevButton = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20)
val prevButton = driver.findElement(By.id("id-home_prevButton"))
log.debug(wEPrint("prevButton",prevButton))
waitPrevButton.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("id-home_prevButton")))
log.debug("id-home_prevButton.click")
//prevButton.click()
//prevButton.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN)
//prevButton.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER)
new Actions(driver).moveToElement(prevButton).click().perform()

这解决了问题，但我仍然想知道ElementNotInteractableException 的原因以及为什么 selenium 在成功进行 visibilityOfElementLocated 测试后抱怨“元素不可见”。有什么想法吗？

【讨论】：

这个问题有什么变化吗？

【解决方案2】：

使用 javascriptExecutor 通过嵌入 javascript 点击元素。通过使用 javascript executor，我们可以在驱动程序上运行 javascript。

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("id-home_prevButton");
((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);

【讨论】：

这个解决方案在得到异常后对我有用。 ""org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException: 元素无法滚动到视图中"
我的最终代码：String cssElm = target.getCssOrXPathSelector(); WebDriver driver = getDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 3); JavascriptExecutor js = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver); wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(cssElm))); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(cssElm)); js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element); ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);

【解决方案3】：

只需使用隐式等待即可解决此问题，因为网页已完全加载页面，然后是查找元素。

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(50, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get("URL");

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

我也遇到了类似的问题，已通过以下方式解决：

String id = element.getAttribute("id");
((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("$('#id').click();");

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

我遇到了同样的问题。我通过使用不同的 Xpath 捕获了相同的元素并且它起作用了。我也不知道为什么。以下是我的情况：

//a[contains(text(),'%s')] -> 没用。

//a//span[contains(text(),'%s')] -> 工作。

这是我的 HTML 代码：

<a data-gtm-event="mbn-event-link" data-gtm-category="mbn-listing" data-gtm-action="home-category-l0-c3" href="/mua-ban-nha-dat-cho-thue-toan-quoc-l0-c3" title="Bất động sản ">
    <span class="clearfix">
        <span class="category-icon"><span class="icon icon-cat-3"></span></span>
        <span class="category-name">Bất động sản</span>
    </span>
</a>
<span class="clearfix">
    <span class="category-icon"><span class="icon icon-cat-3"></span></span>
    <span class="category-name">Bất động sản</span>
</span>

【讨论】：