如何在作为 Windows 服务运行的 Jenkins 上以无头模式使用 Firefox 运行 Selenium 测试（C#、.NET）答案

【问题标题】：How to run Selenium tests (C#, .NET) with Firefox in headless mode on Jenkins running as Windows service如何在作为 Windows 服务运行的 Jenkins 上以无头模式使用 Firefox 运行 Selenium 测试（C#、.NET）
【发布时间】：2018-10-18 17:22:18
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试设置 Jenkins（版本 2.117）并在 Windows 10 的 .NET 堆栈上使用 Selenium 运行自动化测试，Jenkins 作为 Windows 服务运行。

我正在尝试将 Firefox Web 驱动程序与支持无头模式的 Firefox 56 一起使用。

机器和软件

Windows 10 专业版
詹金斯 2.117
Selenium Webdriver（本问题的最新版本）
Firefox 56，32 位
GeckoDriver v0.16.1
Visual Studio 2017 企业版

硒测试

[TestClass]
public class SeleniumTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    [TestProperty("Selenium", "Google")]
    public void GoToGoogle()
    {
        var options = new FirefoxOptions();
        options.AddArgument("-headless");
        var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.google.com");
        StringAssert.Contains(driver.PageSource, "Google");
    }
}

我可以通过 Visual Studio 进行测试，但在 Jenkins 上构建时失败。

用于运行测试的命令：

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Enterprise\Common7\IDE\Extensions\TestPlatform\vstest.console.exe" C:\Jenkins\workspace\WorkSpaceName\Tests\bin\ContinuousIntegration\Tests.dll /tests:Google /logger:trx

Jenkins 构建输出

这是构建日志的缩写输出：

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Enterprise\Common7\IDE\Extensions\TestPlatform\vstest.console.exe" C:\Jenkins\workspace\WorkSpaceName\Tests\bin\ContinuousIntegration\Tests.dll /tests:Google /logger:trx 
Microsoft (R) Test Execution Command Line Tool Version 15.6.1
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Starting test discovery, please wait...
1525798591265   geckodriver INFO    Listening on 127.0.0.1:58807
1525798592565   geckodriver::marionette INFO    Starting browser \\?\C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe with args ["-marionette", "-headless"]
*** You are running in headless mode.
1525798592835   addons.xpi  WARN    Error parsing extensions state: [Exception... "Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [amIAddonManagerStartup.readStartupData]"  nsresult: "0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)"  location: "JS frame :: resource://gre/modules/addons/XPIProvider.jsm :: loadExtensionState :: line 1554"  data: no] Stack trace: loadExtensionState()@resource://gre/modules/addons/XPIProvider.jsm:1554 < getInstallState()@resource://gre/modules/addons/XPIProvider.jsm:1589 < checkForChanges()@resource://gre/modules/addons/XPIProvider.jsm:3109 < startup()@resource://gre/modules/addons/XPIProvider.jsm:2188 < callProvider()@resource://gre/modules/AddonManager.jsm:269 < _startProvider()@resource://gre/modules/AddonManager.jsm:739 < startup()@resource://gre/modules/AddonManager.jsm:906 < startup()@resource://gre/modules/AddonManager.jsm:3090 < observe()@jar:file:///C:/Program%20Files%20(x86)/Mozilla%20Firefox/omni.ja!/components/addonManager.js:65
1525798593164   Marionette  INFO    Enabled via --marionette

###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x240058,name=PContent::Msg_SetPluginList) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24004C,name=PContent::Msg_GMPsChanged) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x150084,name=PBrowser::Msg_UpdateNativeWindowHandle) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x150078,name=PBrowser::Msg_Destroy) Channel error: cannot send/recv

###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24003F,name=PContent::Msg_LoadProcessScript) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24003F,name=PContent::Msg_LoadProcessScript) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x2400FC,name=PContent::Msg_AsyncMessage) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x2400FC,name=PContent::Msg_AsyncMessage) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x24001F,name=PContent::Msg_PreferenceUpdate) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x150084,name=PBrowser::Msg_UpdateNativeWindowHandle) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x150078,name=PBrowser::Msg_Destroy) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x150084,name=PBrowser::Msg_UpdateNativeWindowHandle) Channel error: cannot send/recv


###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x150078,name=PBrowser::Msg_Destroy) Channel error: cannot send/recv

1525798595876   addons.productaddons    WARN    Failed downloading via XHR, status: 0, reason: error
Failed   GoToGoogle
Error Message:
 Test method SeleniumTest.GoToGoogle threw exception: 
OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriverException: The HTTP request to the remote WebDriver server for URL http://localhost:58807/session timed out after 60 seconds. ---> System.Net.WebException: The request was aborted: The operation has timed out.
Stack Trace:
    at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.HttpCommandExecutor.MakeHttpRequest(HttpRequestInfo requestInfo)
 --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
    at OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.HttpCommandExecutor.MakeHttpRequest(HttpRequestInfo requestInfo)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.HttpCommandExecutor.Execute(Command commandToExecute)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.DriverServiceCommandExecutor.Execute(Command commandToExecute)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.RemoteWebDriver.Execute(String driverCommandToExecute, Dictionary`2 parameters)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.RemoteWebDriver.StartSession(ICapabilities desiredCapabilities)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.RemoteWebDriver..ctor(ICommandExecutor commandExecutor, ICapabilities desiredCapabilities)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver..ctor(FirefoxOptions options)
   at StateOfMichigan.DisabilityServices.BusinessResources.Tests.UnitTests.SeleniumTest.GoToGoogle() in C:\Jenkins\workspace\MiBRS-22944-02\Tests\UnitTests\SeleniumTest.cs:line 16


Total tests: 1. Passed: 0. Failed: 1. Skipped: 0.
Test Run Failed.
Test execution time: 1.0295 Minutes

当浏览到它在日志输出中提到的 URL (http://localhost:58807/session) 时，我得到以下响应：

{
  "value": {
    "error": "unknown command",
    "message": "GET /session did not match a known command",
    "stacktrace": "stack backtrace:\n   0:           0x489f6f - <no info>\n   1:           0x48ad59 - <no info>\n   2:           0x43a15d - <no info>\n   3:           0x42ec0f - <no info>\n   4:           0x423c30 - <no info>\n   5:           0x4078fa - <no info>\n   6:           0x6bc939 - <no info>\n   7:           0x415d0d - <no info>\n   8:           0x6b6e43 - <no info>\n   9:     0x7fff56fe8364 - BaseThreadInitThunk"
  }
}

现在上面的响应可能是由于浏览器发出了GET 请求而不是POST。

Jenkins 服务属性

我已经为 Jenkins 服务尝试了几次配置迭代：

默认配置

使用“本地系统”帐户
不与桌面交互

结果：同上

调整本地系统帐户

使用“本地系统”帐户
已勾选允许服务与桌面交互

结果：同上

使用本地“Jenkins”用户

结果：在初始化阶段找不到活动目录 BEAN 的异常

使用我的 Active Directory 用户

我自己的用户名和密码
我在这台机器上有管理员权限

结果：和上面原来的问题一样

将 Jenkins 作为 Windows 服务运行时，如何在 Firefox 无头模式下运行 Selenium 测试？

更新 1： 看起来我的 Firefox (v56) 或 GeckoDriver (v0.16.1) 版本可能存在问题，切换到 Chrome 66 和 ChromeDriver 2.38.552522 似乎工作正常。

【问题讨论】：

你能升级 geckodriver 版本，看看它是否有帮助？比较 chromedriver 和 geckodriver 的工作就像比较苹果和橘子一样，没有帮助
@TarunLalwani：我们有一段时间没有更新 GeckoDriver。我认为这证明的基本事实是，在将 Jenkins 作为 Windows 服务运行时，以无头模式运行测试确实有效。我认为 Firefox 和 GeckoDriver 的组合有问题，就像你提到的那样。
@TarunLalwani：刚刚更新了我的问题。我们目前使用 GeckoDriver 0.16.1。

标签： c# firefox jenkins selenium-webdriver headless-browser

【解决方案1】：

我是 Selenium 的新手，与我的 Firefox 版本相比，我没有意识到我使用的 GeckoDriver 版本是或过时的。更新 GeckoDriver（现在称为 Firefox 驱动程序）解决了这个问题。

如果您认为您的驱动程序正确，请检查您的浏览器版本。现代浏览器供应商已启用自动更新。要么禁用该功能并遭受未修补的安全漏洞的后果，要么只是定期检查 Web 驱动程序是否是最新的。

【讨论】：