【发布时间】:2015-06-19 22:23:06
【问题描述】:
我已经创建了下一个字典:
var postJSON = [ids[0]:answersArray[0], ids[1]:answersArray[1], ids[2]:answersArray[2]] as Dictionary
我得到:
[2: B, 1: A, 3: C]
那么,如何将其转换为 JSON?
【问题讨论】:
标签: json swift serialization
我已经创建了下一个字典:
var postJSON = [ids[0]:answersArray[0], ids[1]:answersArray[1], ids[2]:answersArray[2]] as Dictionary
我得到:
[2: B, 1: A, 3: C]
那么,如何将其转换为 JSON?
【问题讨论】:
标签: json swift serialization
Swift 3.0
根据Swift API Design Guidelines,在 Swift 3 中,NSJSONSerialization 的名称及其方法已更改。
let dic = ["2": "B", "1": "A", "3": "C"]
do {
let jsonData = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: dic, options: .prettyPrinted)
// here "jsonData" is the dictionary encoded in JSON data
let decoded = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: jsonData, options: [])
// here "decoded" is of type `Any`, decoded from JSON data
// you can now cast it with the right type
if let dictFromJSON = decoded as? [String:String] {
// use dictFromJSON
}
} catch {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
Swift 2.x
do {
let jsonData = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(dic, options: NSJSONWritingOptions.PrettyPrinted)
// here "jsonData" is the dictionary encoded in JSON data
let decoded = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(jsonData, options: [])
// here "decoded" is of type `AnyObject`, decoded from JSON data
// you can now cast it with the right type
if let dictFromJSON = decoded as? [String:String] {
// use dictFromJSON
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error)
}
斯威夫特 1
var error: NSError?
if let jsonData = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(dic, options: NSJSONWritingOptions.PrettyPrinted, error: &error) {
if error != nil {
println(error)
} else {
// here "jsonData" is the dictionary encoded in JSON data
}
}
if let decoded = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(jsonData, options: nil, error: &error) as? [String:String] {
if error != nil {
println(error)
} else {
// here "decoded" is the dictionary decoded from JSON data
}
}
【讨论】:
[2: A, 1: A, 3: A]。但是大括号呢?
{"result":[{"body":"Question 3"}] }
dataWithJSONObject 的调用会生成“大括号”(即大括号)作为结果NSData 对象的一部分。
你的假设是错误的。仅仅因为调试器/Playground 在方括号中显示您的字典(这是 Cocoa 显示字典的方式),并不意味着 JSON 输出的格式就是这样。
以下是将字符串字典转换为 JSON 的示例代码:
Swift 3 版本:
import Foundation
let dictionary = ["aKey": "aValue", "anotherKey": "anotherValue"]
if let theJSONData = try? JSONSerialization.data(
withJSONObject: dictionary,
options: []) {
let theJSONText = String(data: theJSONData,
encoding: .ascii)
print("JSON string = \(theJSONText!)")
}
要以“漂亮打印”格式显示上述内容,您需要将选项行更改为:
options: [.prettyPrinted]
或者在 Swift 2 语法中:
import Foundation
let dictionary = ["aKey": "aValue", "anotherKey": "anotherValue"]
let theJSONData = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(
dictionary ,
options: NSJSONWritingOptions(0),
error: nil)
let theJSONText = NSString(data: theJSONData!,
encoding: NSASCIIStringEncoding)
println("JSON string = \(theJSONText!)")
输出是
"JSON string = {"anotherKey":"anotherValue","aKey":"aValue"}"
或以漂亮的格式:
{
"anotherKey" : "anotherValue",
"aKey" : "aValue"
}
正如您所期望的那样,字典在 JSON 输出中用大括号括起来。
在 Swift 3/4 语法中,上面的代码如下所示:
let dictionary = ["aKey": "aValue", "anotherKey": "anotherValue"]
if let theJSONData = try? JSONSerialization.data(
withJSONObject: dictionary,
options: .prettyPrinted
),
let theJSONText = String(data: theJSONData,
encoding: String.Encoding.ascii) {
print("JSON string = \n\(theJSONText)")
}
}
【讨论】:
斯威夫特 5:
let dic = ["2": "B", "1": "A", "3": "C"]
let encoder = JSONEncoder()
if let jsonData = try? encoder.encode(dic) {
if let jsonString = String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8) {
print(jsonString)
}
}
请注意,键和值必须实现 Codable。字符串、整数和双精度(以及更多)已经是 Codable。见Encoding and Decoding Custom Types。
另请注意:如评论中所述,Any 不符合Codable。将您的数据调整为 Codable 可能仍然是一种好方法,以便您使用 Swift 类型(尤其是在您还要解码任何编码的 json 的情况下),这样您就可以更具声明性关于编码的结果。
【讨论】:
我对你的问题的回答如下
let dict = ["0": "ArrayObjectOne", "1": "ArrayObjecttwo", "2": "ArrayObjectThree"]
var error : NSError?
let jsonData = try! NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(dict, options: NSJSONWritingOptions.PrettyPrinted)
let jsonString = NSString(data: jsonData, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)! as String
print(jsonString)
答案是
{
"0" : "ArrayObjectOne",
"1" : "ArrayObjecttwo",
"2" : "ArrayObjectThree"
}
【讨论】:
Swift 4 Dictionary 扩展。
extension Dictionary {
var jsonStringRepresentation: String? {
guard let theJSONData = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: self,
options: [.prettyPrinted]) else {
return nil
}
return String(data: theJSONData, encoding: .ascii)
}
}
【讨论】:
encoding: .ascii 不是一个好主意。 .utf8 会更安全!
有时需要打印出服务器的响应以进行调试。这是我使用的一个函数:
extension Dictionary {
var json: String {
let invalidJson = "Not a valid JSON"
do {
let jsonData = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: self, options: .prettyPrinted)
return String(bytes: jsonData, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8) ?? invalidJson
} catch {
return invalidJson
}
}
func printJson() {
print(json)
}
}
使用示例:
(lldb) po dictionary.printJson()
{
"InviteId" : 2,
"EventId" : 13591,
"Messages" : [
{
"SenderUserId" : 9514,
"MessageText" : "test",
"RecipientUserId" : 9470
},
{
"SenderUserId" : 9514,
"MessageText" : "test",
"RecipientUserId" : 9470
}
],
"TargetUserId" : 9470,
"InvitedUsers" : [
9470
],
"InvitingUserId" : 9514,
"WillGo" : true,
"DateCreated" : "2016-08-24 14:01:08 +00:00"
}
【讨论】:
斯威夫特 3:
let jsonData = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: dict, options: [])
let jsonString = String(data: jsonData!, encoding: .utf8)!
print(jsonString)
【讨论】:
斯威夫特 5:
extension Dictionary {
/// Convert Dictionary to JSON string
/// - Throws: exception if dictionary cannot be converted to JSON data or when data cannot be converted to UTF8 string
/// - Returns: JSON string
func toJson() throws -> String {
let data = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: self)
if let string = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) {
return string
}
throw NSError(domain: "Dictionary", code: 1, userInfo: ["message": "Data cannot be converted to .utf8 string"])
}
}
【讨论】:
您的问题的答案如下:
斯威夫特 2.1
do {
if let postData : NSData = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(dictDataToBeConverted, options: NSJSONWritingOptions.PrettyPrinted){
let json = NSString(data: postData, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)! as String
print(json)}
}
catch {
print(error)
}
【讨论】:
在 Swift 5.4 中
extension Dictionary {
var jsonData: Data? {
return try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: self, options: [.prettyPrinted])
}
func toJSONString() -> String? {
if let jsonData = jsonData {
let jsonString = String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8)
return jsonString
}
return nil
}
}
将它作为变量的想法是因为你可以像这样重用它:
extension Dictionary {
func decode<T:Codable>() throws -> T {
return try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: jsonData ?? Data())
}
}
【讨论】:
这是一个简单的扩展:
https://gist.github.com/stevenojo/0cb8afcba721838b8dcb115b846727c3
extension Dictionary {
func jsonString() -> NSString? {
let jsonData = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: self, options: [])
guard jsonData != nil else {return nil}
let jsonString = String(data: jsonData!, encoding: .utf8)
guard jsonString != nil else {return nil}
return jsonString! as NSString
}
}
【讨论】:
使用lldb
(lldb) p JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: notification.request.content.userInfo, options: [])
(Data) $R16 = 375 bytes
(lldb) p String(data: $R16!, encoding: .utf8)!
(String) $R18 = "{\"aps\": \"some_text\"}"
//or
p String(data: JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: notification.request.content.userInfo, options: [])!, encoding: .utf8)!
(String) $R4 = "{\"aps\": \"some_text\"}"
【讨论】:
这对我有用:
import SwiftyJSON
extension JSON {
mutating func appendIfKeyValuePair(key: String, value: Any){
if var dict = self.dictionaryObject {
dict[key] = value
self = JSON(dict)
}
}
}
用法:
var data: JSON = []
data.appendIfKeyValuePair(key: "myKey", value: "myValue")
【讨论】:
private func convertDictToJson(dict : NSDictionary) -> NSDictionary?
{
var jsonDict : NSDictionary!
do {
let jsonData = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject:dict, options:[])
let jsonDataString = String(data: jsonData, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!
print("Post Request Params : \(jsonDataString)")
jsonDict = [ParameterKey : jsonDataString]
return jsonDict
} catch {
print("JSON serialization failed: \(error)")
jsonDict = nil
}
return jsonDict
}
【讨论】: