由于当前解决此问题的方法没有完整的答案,因此我尝试提供完整解决方案的说明。如有遗漏或可以做得更好,请发表评论。
一般信息
首先,存在一些想要解决问题的库,但它们似乎都已过时或缺少某些功能:
此外,我认为编写库可能不是解决此问题的好方法/简单方法,因为没有太多工作要做,而且要做的是更改现有代码,而不是使用完全解耦的东西。
因此,我编写了以下应该完整的说明。
我的解决方案主要基于https://github.com/gunhansancar/ChangeLanguageExample(已由localhost 链接)。这是我发现的最好的代码。一些备注:
- 根据需要,它提供了不同的实现来更改 Android N(及更高版本)及更低版本的语言环境
- 它在每个 Activity 中使用
updateViews() 方法在更改区域设置后手动更新所有字符串(使用通常的 getString(id)),这在下面显示的方法中不是必需的
- 它只支持语言而不支持完整的语言环境(还包括地区(国家)和变体代码)
我对其进行了一些更改,将保留所选语言环境的部分解耦(因为有人可能希望单独执行此操作,如下所示)。
解决方案
解决方案包括以下两个步骤:
- 永久更改应用使用的语言环境
- 让应用使用自定义区域设置,无需重新启动
第 1 步:更改语言环境
使用类LocaleHelper,基于gunhansancar's LocaleHelper:
- 使用可用语言在
PreferenceFragment 中添加ListPreference(必须在以后添加语言时进行维护)
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.os.Build;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import java.util.Locale;
import mypackage.SettingsFragment;
/**
* Manages setting of the app's locale.
*/
public class LocaleHelper {
public static Context onAttach(Context context) {
String locale = getPersistedLocale(context);
return setLocale(context, locale);
}
public static String getPersistedLocale(Context context) {
SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
return preferences.getString(SettingsFragment.KEY_PREF_LANGUAGE, "");
}
/**
* Set the app's locale to the one specified by the given String.
*
* @param context
* @param localeSpec a locale specification as used for Android resources (NOTE: does not
* support country and variant codes so far); the special string "system" sets
* the locale to the locale specified in system settings
* @return
*/
public static Context setLocale(Context context, String localeSpec) {
Locale locale;
if (localeSpec.equals("system")) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
locale = Resources.getSystem().getConfiguration().getLocales().get(0);
} else {
//noinspection deprecation
locale = Resources.getSystem().getConfiguration().locale;
}
} else {
locale = new Locale(localeSpec);
}
Locale.setDefault(locale);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
return updateResources(context, locale);
} else {
return updateResourcesLegacy(context, locale);
}
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
private static Context updateResources(Context context, Locale locale) {
Configuration configuration = context.getResources().getConfiguration();
configuration.setLocale(locale);
configuration.setLayoutDirection(locale);
return context.createConfigurationContext(configuration);
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
private static Context updateResourcesLegacy(Context context, Locale locale) {
Resources resources = context.getResources();
Configuration configuration = resources.getConfiguration();
configuration.locale = locale;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) {
configuration.setLayoutDirection(locale);
}
resources.updateConfiguration(configuration, resources.getDisplayMetrics());
return context;
}
}
创建一个SettingsFragment,如下所示:
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceFragment;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import mypackage.LocaleHelper;
import mypackage.R;
/**
* Fragment containing the app's main settings.
*/
public class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragment implements SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {
public static final String KEY_PREF_LANGUAGE = "pref_key_language";
public SettingsFragment() {
// Required empty public constructor
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_settings, container, false);
return view;
}
@Override
public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
switch (key) {
case KEY_PREF_LANGUAGE:
LocaleHelper.setLocale(getContext(), PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getContext()).getString(key, ""));
getActivity().recreate(); // necessary here because this Activity is currently running and thus a recreate() in onResume() would be too late
break;
}
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
// documentation requires that a reference to the listener is kept as long as it may be called, which is the case as it can only be called from this Fragment
getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
}
}
创建一个资源locales.xml,以下列方式列出所有具有可用翻译的语言环境 (list of locale codes):
<!-- Lists available locales used for setting the locale manually.
For now only language codes (locale codes without country and variant) are supported.
Has to be in sync with "settings_language_values" in strings.xml (the entries must correspond).
-->
<resources>
<string name="system_locale" translatable="false">system</string>
<string name="default_locale" translatable="false"></string>
<string-array name="locales">
<item>@string/system_locale</item> <!-- system setting -->
<item>@string/default_locale</item> <!-- default locale -->
<item>de</item>
</string-array>
</resources>
在您的PreferenceScreen 中,您可以使用以下部分让用户选择可用的语言:
<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<PreferenceCategory
android:title="@string/preferences_category_general">
<ListPreference
android:key="pref_key_language"
android:title="@string/preferences_language"
android:dialogTitle="@string/preferences_language"
android:entries="@array/settings_language_values"
android:entryValues="@array/locales"
android:defaultValue="@string/system_locale"
android:summary="%s">
</ListPreference>
</PreferenceCategory>
</PreferenceScreen>
它使用来自strings.xml的以下字符串:
<string name="preferences_category_general">General</string>
<string name="preferences_language">Language</string>
<!-- NOTE: Has to correspond to array "locales" in locales.xml (elements in same orderwith) -->
<string-array name="settings_language_values">
<item>Default (System setting)</item>
<item>English</item>
<item>German</item>
</string-array>
第 2 步:让应用使用自定义语言环境
现在设置每个 Activity 以使用自定义区域设置。实现这一点的最简单方法是使用以下代码为所有活动创建一个通用基类(其中重要的代码在attachBaseContext(Context base) 和onResume()):
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import mypackage.LocaleHelper;
import mypackage.R;
/**
* {@link AppCompatActivity} with main menu in the action bar. Automatically recreates
* the activity when the locale has changed.
*/
public class MenuAppCompatActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String initialLocale;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
initialLocale = LocaleHelper.getPersistedLocale(this);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.menu_settings:
Intent intent = new Intent(this, SettingsActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
@Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
super.attachBaseContext(LocaleHelper.onAttach(base));
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (initialLocale != null && !initialLocale.equals(LocaleHelper.getPersistedLocale(this))) {
recreate();
}
}
}
它的作用是
- 覆盖
attachBaseContext(Context base) 以使用先前与LocaleHelper 保持一致的语言环境
- 检测语言环境的变化并重新创建 Activity 以更新其字符串
关于此解决方案的说明