将数据从 Activity 传递到 Fragment 会导致“ScrollView can host only one direct child”错误

Question

我正在使用this 教程制作应用程序。我对我的代码进行了一些更改，即我想从服务器获取数据到我的主要活动并将其传递给我的片段。在此之前，当我打开应用程序时它运行良好，但现在它崩溃了。 我已经从 stackoverflow 尝试了一堆答案（1、2、3、4、5...） 在提出问题之前，但他们都没有回答我的问题。当我直接从片段中获取餐馆时，它工作得很好，但是从活动中传递数据会导致这个错误。

Main Activity（我通过从服务器获取数据并将其传递给片段）：

TabLayout tabLayout = (TabLayout) findViewById(R.id.sliding_tabs);
tabLayout.addTab(tabLayout.newTab().setText(getString(R.string.tab_map)));
tabLayout.addTab(tabLayout.newTab().setText(getString(R.string.tab_list)));
tabLayout.addTab(tabLayout.newTab().setText(getString(R.string.tab_my_list)));
tabLayout.setTabGravity(TabLayout.GRAVITY_FILL);
tabLayout.setTabMode(TabLayout.MODE_FIXED);

final ViewPager viewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.viewpager);
final PagerAdapter adapter = new PagerAdapter
    (getSupportFragmentManager(), tabLayout.getTabCount());
viewPager.setAdapter(adapter);
viewPager.addOnPageChangeListener(new TabLayout.TabLayoutOnPageChangeListener(tabLayout));

RestaurantsFragment restaurantsFragment = new RestaurantsFragment();
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putParcelableArrayList("restaurantList", (ArrayList<? extends Parcelable>) restaurantList);
restaurantsFragment.setArguments(args);

FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.sliding_tabs, restaurantsFragment);
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
fragmentTransaction.commit();

餐厅片段（我确实从我的主要活动中获取数据，我在调试时从服务器获取餐厅）：

public class RestaurantsFragment extends Fragment {

private static final String TAG = RestaurantsFragment.class.getSimpleName();

// Restaurants json url
private ProgressDialog pDialog;
private ArrayList restaurantList = new ArrayList<>();
private ListView listView;
private CustomListAdapter adapter;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
                         ViewGroup container,
                         Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_restaurants, container, false);

    Bundle bundle = this.getArguments();
    if (bundle != null) {
        restaurantList = bundle.getParcelableArrayList ("restaurantList");
    }

    listView = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.restaurants_list);
    adapter = new CustomListAdapter(getActivity(), restaurantList);
    listView.setAdapter(adapter);

    pDialog = new ProgressDialog(getActivity());

    pDialog.setMessage("Loading...");
    pDialog.show();


    return view;
}

fragment_restaurants

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".sliderfragments.RestaurantsFragment">

<ListView
    android:id="@+id/restaurants_list"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:divider="@color/list_divider"
    android:dividerHeight="1dp"
    android:listSelector="@drawable/list_row_selector" />

</RelativeLayout>

列表行

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@drawable/list_row_selector"
android:padding="8dp">

<!-- Thumbnail Image -->
<com.android.volley.toolbox.NetworkImageView
    android:id="@+id/thumbnail"
    android:background="@drawable/default_profile"
    android:layout_width="80dp"
    android:layout_height="80dp"
    android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp" />

<!-- User Name -->
<TextView
    android:id="@+id/userName"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_alignTop="@+id/thumbnail"
    android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/thumbnail"
    android:textSize="@dimen/userName"
    android:textStyle="bold" />

<!-- Date -->
<TextView
    android:id="@+id/date"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_below="@id/userName"
    android:layout_marginTop="1dip"
    android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/thumbnail"
    android:textSize="@dimen/date" />

<!-- Time -->
<TextView
    android:id="@+id/time"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_below="@id/date"
    android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
    android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/thumbnail"
    android:textColor="@color/time"
    android:textSize="@dimen/time" />

</RelativeLayout>

content_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
tools:showIn="@layout/app_bar_main">

<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">

    <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
        app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay" />

    <android.support.design.widget.TabLayout
        android:id="@+id/sliding_tabs"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:tabMode="scrollable" />

    <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
        android:id="@+id/viewpager"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0px"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:background="@android:color/white" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

寻呼机适配器：

public class PagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
int mNumOfTabs;

public PagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, int NumOfTabs) {
    super(fm);
    this.mNumOfTabs = NumOfTabs;
}

@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {

    switch (position) {
        case 0:
            MapsFragment tab1 = new MapsFragment();
            return tab1;
        case 1:
            RestaurantsFragment tab2 = new RestaurantsFragment();
            return tab2;
        case 2:
            MyRestaurantsFragment tab3 = new MyRestaurantsFragment();
            return tab3;
        default:
            return null;
    }
}

@Override
public int getCount() {
    return mNumOfTabs;
}
}

堆栈跟踪：

10-09 12:30:12.755 32374-32374/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
  Process: com.test.kemo.restaurant, PID: 32374
  java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.test.kemo.restaurant/com.test.kemo.restaurant.MainActivity}: java.lang.IllegalStateException: HorizontalScrollView can host only one direct child
  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2195)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2245)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:135)
  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1196)
  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5021)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:827)
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:643)
  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
  Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: HorizontalScrollView can host only one direct child
  at android.widget.HorizontalScrollView.addView(HorizontalScrollView.java:216)
  at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1083)
  at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1248)
  at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.run(BackStackRecord.java:738)
  at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.execPendingActions(FragmentManager.java:1613)
  at android.support.v4.app.FragmentController.execPendingActions(FragmentController.java:330)
  at android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity.onStart(FragmentActivity.java:547)
  at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnStart(Instrumentation.java:1174)
  at android.app.Activity.performStart(Activity.java:5347)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2168)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2245) 
  at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:135) 
  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1196) 
  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 
  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136) 
  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5021) 
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515) 
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:827) 
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:643) 
  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 

Answer 1

您正在将片段添加到滑动选项卡视图中。你写的：

fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.sliding_tabs, restaurantsFragment);

选项卡布局是水平滚动视图的子项，请参阅文档：https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/design/widget/TabLayout.html

我不知道你的应用程序是如何工作的，但你不能在这里将你的片段添加到 TabLayout，因为它会为现在允许的那个创建多个子级（TabLaout 实际上是一个水平滚动视图）

在我提到的fragmentTransaction.replace() 方法中，您必须指定要在其中添加片段的容器。根据您的代码，您正在使用 tabLayput 作为 viewpager 的标题，而不是替换其中的片段。

在您想要添加片段的主要活动中创建一个位置（容器）。绝对不是在您的查看器标题旁边的 R.id.sliding_tabs, 中。