在 Tomcat 上部署 Web 服务时出现 Xerces 错误答案

【问题标题】：Xerces error when deploying Web Service on Tomcat在 Tomcat 上部署 Web 服务时出现 Xerces 错误
【发布时间】：2015-05-27 23:09:31
【问题描述】：

每当我尝试在 Tomcat 8 上部署 JAX-WS Web 服务时，都会收到以下错误：

 4-Mar-2015 10:35:35.730 SEVERE [http-nio-8085-exec-5] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener
 com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletException: WSSERVLET11: failed to parse runtime descriptor: java.lang.ClassCastException: org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration cannot be cast to org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLParserConfiguration
    at com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized(WSServletContextListener.java:139)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4760)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5184)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:724)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:700)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:714)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:581)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:455)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1496)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

即使出现错误，我也能够在 20% 的情况下部署 Web 服务，但大多数情况下它只是无法部署。

更新

按照 cmets 的建议，我列出了 WEB-INF\lib 的内容：

03/09/2015  08:53 AM            62,983 activation-1.1.jar
03/10/2015  04:43 PM             4,467 aopalliance-1.0.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM            63,966 avalon-framework-4.1.3.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM            21,007 commonj.sdo-2.1.1.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           232,019 commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           284,184 commons-codec-1.10.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM            34,827 commons-csv-1.0.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           160,519 commons-dbcp-1.4.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           185,140 commons-io-2.4.jar
03/10/2015  04:43 PM           284,220 commons-lang-2.6.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           412,739 commons-lang3-3.3.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM            52,915 commons-logging-1.1.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM            96,221 commons-pool-1.5.4.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM         8,613,667 eclipselink-2.5.1.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           206,853 gson-2.3.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM            31,245 gt-epsg-extension-11.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM         1,960,275 gt-epsg-hsql-11.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           505,719 gt-metadata-11.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           345,672 gt-opengis-11.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM         1,143,704 gt-referencing-11.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM         1,395,415 hsqldb-2.2.8.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           590,533 httpclient-4.3.5.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           282,269 httpcore-4.3.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM            38,605 jackson-annotations-2.4.0.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           225,316 jackson-core-2.4.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM         1,075,759 jackson-databind-2.4.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM         1,900,631 jai_core-1.1.3.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM             2,497 javax.inject-1.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM           162,126 javax.persistence-2.1.0.jar
03/24/2015  03:59 PM           102,528 jaxb-api-2.2.12-b141001.1542.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM           854,901 jaxb-impl-2.1.7.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM           144,283 jaxb2-basics-runtime-0.9.1.jar
03/09/2015  08:53 AM            33,428 jaxws-api-2.1.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM         1,284,131 jaxws-rt-2.1.4.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM            16,458 jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.1.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM            11,497 jgridshift-1.0.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           586,201 joda-time-2.4.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM            54,203 json-smart-1.2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM            91,347 jsr-275-1.0-beta-2.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           710,293 jts-1.11.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM           121,658 junit-3.8.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           489,884 log4j-1.2.17.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM            72,150 logkit-1.0.1.jar
03/09/2015  09:46 AM           388,864 mail-1.4.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM            38,665 mimepull-1.2.jar
03/25/2015  10:33 AM           429,408 mojo-MojoGlobal-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
03/20/2015  11:43 AM            75,239 MojoAlerts-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
03/25/2015  10:33 AM           757,460 MojoInterfaces-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
03/25/2015  10:33 AM           571,604 MojoSimulation-1.0.jar
03/24/2015  02:03 PM         3,389,454 ojdbc6-6.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM         2,097,954 PDFRenderer-0.9.0.jar
03/09/2015  08:53 AM            68,177 resolver-20050927.jar
03/09/2015  08:53 AM            18,817 saaj-api-1.3.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM           278,293 saaj-impl-1.3.1.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM           332,055 sjsxp-1.0.1.jar
03/16/2015  07:53 AM            26,065 slf4j-api-1.7.1.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM             8,867 slf4j-log4j12-1.7.9.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           337,694 spring-aop-3.2.8.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           612,569 spring-beans-3.2.8.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           866,273 spring-context-3.2.8.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           873,608 spring-core-3.2.8.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           383,327 spring-data-commons-1.6.1.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           196,367 spring-expression-3.2.8.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:52 AM           405,717 spring-jdbc-3.2.8.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           374,411 spring-ldap-core-2.0.2.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           366,941 spring-security-core-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
03/16/2015  07:50 AM           242,436 spring-tx-3.2.8.RELEASE.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM            26,310 stax-api-1.0.jar
03/09/2015  08:53 AM            11,074 stax-ex-1.2.jar
03/19/2015  03:32 PM            57,984 streambuffer-0.7.jar
03/16/2015  07:48 AM           249,354 vecmath-1.3.2.jar
03/26/2015  08:53 AM           895,924 xercesImpl-2.4.0.jar

更新 2

将 xercesImpl 版本从 2.4.0 更改为 2.11.0（最新）似乎可以解决 ClassCastException 问题，但会产生以下错误：

    INFO: Illegal access: this web application instance has been stopped already.  Could not load META-INF/services/org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLParserConfiguration.  The eventual following stack trace is caused by an error thrown for debugging purposes as well as to attempt to terminate the thread which caused the illegal access, and has no functional impact.
Mar 26, 2015 11:47:43 AM com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener contextInitialized
SEVERE: WSSERVLET11: failed to parse runtime descriptor: java.lang.NullPointerException
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(WebappClassLoader.java:1542)
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.SecuritySupport$6.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.SecuritySupport.getResourceAsStream(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.ObjectFactory.findJarServiceProvider(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.ObjectFactory.createObject(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.ObjectFactory.createObject(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserFactoryImpl.newSAXParser(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.resolver.readers.SAXCatalogReader.readCatalog(SAXCatalogReader.java:238)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.resolver.Catalog.parseCatalog(Catalog.java:687)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.util.xml.XmlUtil.createEntityResolver(XmlUtil.java:270)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.DeploymentDescriptorParser.createEntityResolver(DeploymentDescriptorParser.java:402)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.DeploymentDescriptorParser.parseAdapters(DeploymentDescriptorParser.java:253)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.DeploymentDescriptorParser.parse(DeploymentDescriptorParser.java:147)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized(WSServletContextListener.java:108)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:5016)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5524)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:649)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:672)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:547)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1668)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:301)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
    at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.check(ManagerServlet.java:1516)
    at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.deploy(ManagerServlet.java:912)
    at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.doGet(ManagerServlet.java:371)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:620)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.apache.catalina.filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:108)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:613)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1074)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

据我所知，Illegal access 似乎仍然与 xerces 依赖项有关

【问题讨论】：

这听起来像是与重复 jar 的类路径冲突。您可能遇到一些 API/实现不匹配，这取决于 Java 加载 jar 的顺序可能有效或无效。我会检查您与应用程序一起部署的 jar，可能有一些 Xalan / Xerces jar 与您的类路径中也存在的其他（旧的？）jar 冲突
感谢您的评论。这是一个 Maven 项目。我在pom.xml 中寻找有冲突的 jar，但找不到。
建议：在此处列出目标WEB-INF/lib 中的jar。您可能必须在 pom 中使用一些排除项（或将某些内容标记为已提供）。它们可能是与系统或父类加载器冲突的传递依赖项。

标签： java web-services tomcat jax-ws xerces

【解决方案1】：

我遇到了同样的问题。我正在使用 gradle 构建部署到 tomcat 的网络应用程序。我通过“gradle dependencies”命令确定了正在使用的 xerces 版本。然后我在 build.gradle 文件中指出将提供 xerces。

providedCompile "xerces:xercesImpl:2.9.1"

问题似乎已解决。

我知道您可以使用提供的范围在 maven 中做同样的事情。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我解决了从 lib 文件夹中删除 xerces-Impl.jar 的问题

【讨论】：

不幸的是，就我而言，这并不是那么简单。 xerces-Impl.jar 是必需的 JAX-WS 依赖项，删除它只会导致其他错误。

【解决方案3】：

我遇到了两个与 Xerces 相关的错误，因此我发布了解决每个错误的方法：

ClassCastException 错误已通过更新到最新版本的 xerces 得到解决：

        <dependency>
             <groupId>xerces</groupId>
             <artifactId>xercesImpl</artifactId>
             <version>2.11.0</version>
        </dependency>

如 cmets 中所述，请确保删除任何其他与 Xerces 相关的依赖项，并仅保留上述依赖项。

为了解决Illegal Access 问题，我发现this post 提出了从xerces-Impl.jar 中删除以下文件的建议解决方案

META-INF/service/javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory

META-INF/services/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory

我意识到更改依赖项有点麻烦，如果本地 maven 存储库中的文件被删除并从 Maven Central 重新下载，它可能会适得其反，但这是我能找到的最佳解决方案。

【讨论】：