新 Maven / Spring MVC 项目的最小 pom.xml 文件

Question

我对 Maven 和 Spring MVC 完全陌生。我要做的是建立一个新的 Spring MVC 项目，使用 Maven（希望这句话有意义），并使用 Eclipse 在 Tomcat 上运行我的 Web 应用程序。

我正在关注此链接上的教程，但 pom.xml 文件有问题：

• Getting Started with Maven and Spring

本教程要求创建文件夹结构，并创建一个 pom.xml 文件。对于初学者，他们要求将这一行放在 pom.xml 中：

xml 4.0.0org.springsource.greenbeans.mavenexample11.0-SNAPSHOTOur Simple Project

但是当我这样做时，我的 Eclipse 会抛出一个错误：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[ERROR] The build could not read 1 project -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR]   The project  (D:\projectName\pom.xml) has 1 error
[ERROR]     Non-parseable POM D:\projectName\pom.xml: only whitespace content allowed before start tag and not ` (position: START_DOCUMENT seen `... @1:1)  @ line 1, column 1 -> [Help 2]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/ProjectBuildingException
[ERROR] [Help 2] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/ModelParseException

你知道 pom.xml 的最小值是多少吗？我尝试了很多东西，但它对我不起作用......

Answer 1

这是用于非 Spring Boot 应用程序的最小 pom.xml，它将生成一个 Spring 5、Java 11 的 war 文件，您可以将其部署在 tomcat 上。我在依赖管理中使用了spring bom，它锁定了spring框架jar的版本

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.yourco</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-mvc-demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-security Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-framework-bom -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
                <version>5.3.9</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>spring-mvc-demo</finalName>
        <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java-version}</source>
                    <target>${java-version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.2</version>
            </plugin>
    </build>
</project>

Answer 2

带有 Tomcat 的 Spring MVC 的最小 pom.xml 文件可能是：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.spring.maven</groupId>
    <artifactId>minimal-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

然后：

$ mvn -Dmaven.tomcat.port=8888 tomcat7:run

Answer 3

您不需要自己创建文件夹结构。 Maven archtype 'maven-archetype-webapp' 为您完成。这是一个很好的教程，可以指导您在 Eclipse 中基本设置 MVC 项目（以及正确的方法）：

• Create Spring MVC dynamic web project with Maven and make it support Eclipse IDE

  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.beingjavaguys.sample</groupId>
  <artifactId>SampleSpringMaven</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>SampleSpringMaven Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <properties>
      <spring.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
      <jdk.version>1.6</jdk.version>
  </properties>
  
  <dependencies>
  
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
  
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
  
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
  
      <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  
  <build>
      <finalName>SampleSpringMaven</finalName>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
              <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.1</version>
              <configuration>
                  <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url>
                  <server>my-tomcat</server>
                  <path>/SampleSpringMaven</path>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>3.0</version>
              <configuration>
                  <source>${jdk.version}</source>
                  <target>${jdk.version}</target>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
      </plugins>
  </build>