当我们网站上的用户丢失密码并前往“丢失密码”页面时，我们需要给他一个新的临时密码。我真的不介意这是多么随机，或者如果它符合所有“需要”的强密码规则，我想要做的就是给他们一个密码，他们以后可以更改。
该应用程序是用 C# 编写的 Web 应用程序。所以我正在考虑变得刻薄，并采用简单的方法来使用 Guid 的一部分。即
Guid.NewGuid().ToString("d").Substring(1,8)
建议？想法？
【问题讨论】：
这要大很多，但我认为它看起来更全面一点： http://www.obviex.com/Samples/Password.aspx
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// SAMPLE: Generates random password, which complies with the strong password
// rules and does not contain ambiguous characters.
//
// To run this sample, create a new Visual C# project using the Console
// Application template and replace the contents of the Class1.cs file with
// the code below.
//
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// Copyright (C) 2004 Obviex(TM). All rights reserved.
//
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
/// <summary>
/// This class can generate random passwords, which do not include ambiguous
/// characters, such as I, l, and 1. The generated password will be made of
/// 7-bit ASCII symbols. Every four characters will include one lower case
/// character, one upper case character, one number, and one special symbol
/// (such as '%') in a random order. The password will always start with an
/// alpha-numeric character; it will not start with a special symbol (we do
/// this because some back-end systems do not like certain special
/// characters in the first position).
/// </summary>
public class RandomPassword
{
// Define default min and max password lengths.
private static int DEFAULT_MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 8;
private static int DEFAULT_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 10;
// Define supported password characters divided into groups.
// You can add (or remove) characters to (from) these groups.
private static string PASSWORD_CHARS_LCASE = "abcdefgijkmnopqrstwxyz";
private static string PASSWORD_CHARS_UCASE = "ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTWXYZ";
private static string PASSWORD_CHARS_NUMERIC= "23456789";
private static string PASSWORD_CHARS_SPECIAL= "*$-+?_&=!%{}/";
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// Randomly generated password.
/// </returns>
/// <remarks>
/// The length of the generated password will be determined at
/// random. It will be no shorter than the minimum default and
/// no longer than maximum default.
/// </remarks>
public static string Generate()
{
return Generate(DEFAULT_MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
DEFAULT_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password of the exact length.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">
/// Exact password length.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// Randomly generated password.
/// </returns>
public static string Generate(int length)
{
return Generate(length, length);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="minLength">
/// Minimum password length.
/// </param>
/// <param name="maxLength">
/// Maximum password length.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// Randomly generated password.
/// </returns>
/// <remarks>
/// The length of the generated password will be determined at
/// random and it will fall with the range determined by the
/// function parameters.
/// </remarks>
public static string Generate(int minLength,
int maxLength)
{
// Make sure that input parameters are valid.
if (minLength <= 0 || maxLength <= 0 || minLength > maxLength)
return null;
// Create a local array containing supported password characters
// grouped by types. You can remove character groups from this
// array, but doing so will weaken the password strength.
char[][] charGroups = new char[][]
{
PASSWORD_CHARS_LCASE.ToCharArray(),
PASSWORD_CHARS_UCASE.ToCharArray(),
PASSWORD_CHARS_NUMERIC.ToCharArray(),
PASSWORD_CHARS_SPECIAL.ToCharArray()
};
// Use this array to track the number of unused characters in each
// character group.
int[] charsLeftInGroup = new int[charGroups.Length];
// Initially, all characters in each group are not used.
for (int i=0; i<charsLeftInGroup.Length; i++)
charsLeftInGroup[i] = charGroups[i].Length;
// Use this array to track (iterate through) unused character groups.
int[] leftGroupsOrder = new int[charGroups.Length];
// Initially, all character groups are not used.
for (int i=0; i<leftGroupsOrder.Length; i++)
leftGroupsOrder[i] = i;
// Because we cannot use the default randomizer, which is based on the
// current time (it will produce the same "random" number within a
// second), we will use a random number generator to seed the
// randomizer.
// Use a 4-byte array to fill it with random bytes and convert it then
// to an integer value.
byte[] randomBytes = new byte[4];
// Generate 4 random bytes.
RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
rng.GetBytes(randomBytes);
// Convert 4 bytes into a 32-bit integer value.
int seed = BitConverter.ToInt32(randomBytes, 0);
// Now, this is real randomization.
Random random = new Random(seed);
// This array will hold password characters.
char[] password = null;
// Allocate appropriate memory for the password.
if (minLength < maxLength)
password = new char[random.Next(minLength, maxLength+1)];
else
password = new char[minLength];
// Index of the next character to be added to password.
int nextCharIdx;
// Index of the next character group to be processed.
int nextGroupIdx;
// Index which will be used to track not processed character groups.
int nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx;
// Index of the last non-processed character in a group.
int lastCharIdx;
// Index of the last non-processed group.
int lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx = leftGroupsOrder.Length - 1;
// Generate password characters one at a time.
for (int i=0; i<password.Length; i++)
{
// If only one character group remained unprocessed, process it;
// otherwise, pick a random character group from the unprocessed
// group list. To allow a special character to appear in the
// first position, increment the second parameter of the Next
// function call by one, i.e. lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx + 1.
if (lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx == 0)
nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx = 0;
else
nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx = random.Next(0,
lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx);
// Get the actual index of the character group, from which we will
// pick the next character.
nextGroupIdx = leftGroupsOrder[nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx];
// Get the index of the last unprocessed characters in this group.
lastCharIdx = charsLeftInGroup[nextGroupIdx] - 1;
// If only one unprocessed character is left, pick it; otherwise,
// get a random character from the unused character list.
if (lastCharIdx == 0)
nextCharIdx = 0;
else
nextCharIdx = random.Next(0, lastCharIdx+1);
// Add this character to the password.
password[i] = charGroups[nextGroupIdx][nextCharIdx];
// If we processed the last character in this group, start over.
if (lastCharIdx == 0)
charsLeftInGroup[nextGroupIdx] =
charGroups[nextGroupIdx].Length;
// There are more unprocessed characters left.
else
{
// Swap processed character with the last unprocessed character
// so that we don't pick it until we process all characters in
// this group.
if (lastCharIdx != nextCharIdx)
{
char temp = charGroups[nextGroupIdx][lastCharIdx];
charGroups[nextGroupIdx][lastCharIdx] =
charGroups[nextGroupIdx][nextCharIdx];
charGroups[nextGroupIdx][nextCharIdx] = temp;
}
// Decrement the number of unprocessed characters in
// this group.
charsLeftInGroup[nextGroupIdx]--;
}
// If we processed the last group, start all over.
if (lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx == 0)
lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx = leftGroupsOrder.Length - 1;
// There are more unprocessed groups left.
else
{
// Swap processed group with the last unprocessed group
// so that we don't pick it until we process all groups.
if (lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx != nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx)
{
int temp = leftGroupsOrder[lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx];
leftGroupsOrder[lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx] =
leftGroupsOrder[nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx];
leftGroupsOrder[nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx] = temp;
}
// Decrement the number of unprocessed groups.
lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx--;
}
}
// Convert password characters into a string and return the result.
return new string(password);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Illustrates the use of the RandomPassword class.
/// </summary>
public class RandomPasswordTest
{
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Print 100 randomly generated passwords (8-to-10 char long).
for (int i=0; i<100; i++)
Console.WriteLine(RandomPassword.Generate(8, 10));
}
}
//
// END OF FILE
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
【讨论】：
public string CreatePassword(int length)
{
const string valid = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890";
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
Random rnd = new Random();
while (0 < length--)
{
res.Append(valid[rnd.Next(valid.Length)]);
}
return res.ToString();
}
这样做的好处是可以从可用字符列表中为生成的密码进行选择（例如，仅数字、仅大写或仅小写等）
【讨论】：
Random 不是加密安全的； System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider 是更好的选择。
对于这种密码，我倾向于使用可能生成更容易“使用”密码的系统。简短，通常由可发音的片段和一些数字组成，并且没有字符间的歧义（是 0 还是 O？A 1 还是 I？）。类似的东西
string[] words = { 'bur', 'ler', 'meh', 'ree' };
string word = "";
Random rnd = new Random();
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
word += words[rnd.Next(words.length)]
int numbCount = rnd.Next(4);
for (i = 0; i < numbCount; i++)
word += (2 + rnd.Next(7)).ToString();
return word;
（直接在浏览器中输入，因此仅用作指南。另外，添加更多单词）。
【讨论】：
我喜欢研究生成密码，就像生成软件密钥一样。您应该从遵循良好实践的字符数组中进行选择。使用 @Radu094 answered 并修改它以遵循良好实践。不要将每个字母都放在字符数组中。有些字母在电话里很难说或听懂。
您还应该考虑对生成的密码使用校验和，以确保它是由您生成的。实现此目的的一个好方法是使用LUHN algorithm。
【讨论】：
【讨论】：
ASP.NET Core 的任何东西？
我不喜欢 Membership.GeneratePassword() 创建的密码，因为它们太难看而且有太多特殊字符。
此代码生成一个 10 位不太难看的密码。
string password = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N").ToLower()
.Replace("1", "").Replace("o", "").Replace("0","")
.Substring(0,10);
当然，我可以使用正则表达式来进行所有替换，但这在 IMO 上更具可读性和可维护性。
【讨论】：
我创建了这个方法，类似于会员提供程序中的可用方法。如果您不想在某些应用程序中添加 Web 引用，这将非常有用。
效果很好。
public static string GeneratePassword(int Length, int NonAlphaNumericChars)
{
string allowedChars = "abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
string allowedNonAlphaNum = "!@#$%^&*()_-+=[{]};:<>|./?";
Random rd = new Random();
if (NonAlphaNumericChars > Length || Length <= 0 || NonAlphaNumericChars < 0)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
char[] pass = new char[Length];
int[] pos = new int[Length];
int i = 0, j = 0, temp = 0;
bool flag = false;
//Random the position values of the pos array for the string Pass
while (i < Length - 1)
{
j = 0;
flag = false;
temp = rd.Next(0, Length);
for (j = 0; j < Length; j++)
if (temp == pos[j])
{
flag = true;
j = Length;
}
if (!flag)
{
pos[i] = temp;
i++;
}
}
//Random the AlphaNumericChars
for (i = 0; i < Length - NonAlphaNumericChars; i++)
pass[i] = allowedChars[rd.Next(0, allowedChars.Length)];
//Random the NonAlphaNumericChars
for (i = Length - NonAlphaNumericChars; i < Length; i++)
pass[i] = allowedNonAlphaNum[rd.Next(0, allowedNonAlphaNum.Length)];
//Set the sorted array values by the pos array for the rigth posistion
char[] sorted = new char[Length];
for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)
sorted[i] = pass[pos[i]];
string Pass = new String(sorted);
return Pass;
}
【讨论】：
System.Random 用于密码等安全关键信息。使用RNGCryptoServiceProvider
我知道这是一个旧线程，但我有可能是一个相当简单的解决方案供某人使用。易于实施、易于理解且易于验证。
考虑以下要求：
我需要生成一个随机密码，其中至少有 2 个小写字母、2 个大写字母和 2 个数字。密码长度也必须至少为 8 个字符。
以下正则表达式可以验证这种情况：
^(?=\b\w*[a-z].*[a-z]\w*\b)(?=\b\w*[A-Z].*[A-Z]\w*\b)(?=\b\w*[0-9].*[0-9]\w*\b)[a-zA-Z0-9]{8,}$
这超出了这个问题的范围 - 但正则表达式基于 lookahead/lookbehind 和 lookaround。
以下代码将创建符合此要求的随机字符集：
public static string GeneratePassword(int lowercase, int uppercase, int numerics) {
string lowers = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
string uppers = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
string number = "0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
string generated = "!";
for (int i = 1; i <= lowercase; i++)
generated = generated.Insert(
random.Next(generated.Length),
lowers[random.Next(lowers.Length - 1)].ToString()
);
for (int i = 1; i <= uppercase; i++)
generated = generated.Insert(
random.Next(generated.Length),
uppers[random.Next(uppers.Length - 1)].ToString()
);
for (int i = 1; i <= numerics; i++)
generated = generated.Insert(
random.Next(generated.Length),
number[random.Next(number.Length - 1)].ToString()
);
return generated.Replace("!", string.Empty);
}
要满足上述要求，只需调用以下代码：
String randomPassword = GeneratePassword(3, 3, 3);
代码以无效字符 ("!") 开头 - 因此字符串具有可以注入新字符的长度。
然后它从 1 循环到所需的 # 个小写字符，并在每次迭代中，从小写列表中抓取一个随机项，并将其注入字符串中的随机位置。
然后对大写字母和数字重复循环。
这将为您返回长度 = lowercase + uppercase + numerics 的字符串，其中您想要的计数的小写、大写和数字字符已按随机顺序放置。
【讨论】：
System.Random 用于密码等安全关键信息。使用RNGCryptoServiceProvider
lowers[random.Next(lowers.Length - 1)].ToString() 此代码永远不会生成“z”。 random.Next 产生的整数小于所提供的数字，所以你不应该从长度中减去额外的一个。
插入一个计时器：timer1、2 个按钮：button1、button2、1 个文本框：textBox1 和一个组合框：comboBox1。确保您声明：
int count = 0;
源代码：
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// This clears the textBox, resets the count, and starts the timer
count = 0;
textBox1.Clear();
timer1.Start();
}
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// This generates the password, and types it in the textBox
count += 1;
string possible = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890";
string psw = "";
Random rnd = new Random { };
psw += possible[rnd.Next(possible.Length)];
textBox1.Text += psw;
if (count == (comboBox1.SelectedIndex + 1))
{
timer1.Stop();
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// This adds password lengths to the comboBox to choose from.
comboBox1.Items.Add("1");
comboBox1.Items.Add("2");
comboBox1.Items.Add("3");
comboBox1.Items.Add("4");
comboBox1.Items.Add("5");
comboBox1.Items.Add("6");
comboBox1.Items.Add("7");
comboBox1.Items.Add("8");
comboBox1.Items.Add("9");
comboBox1.Items.Add("10");
comboBox1.Items.Add("11");
comboBox1.Items.Add("12");
}
private void button2_click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// This encrypts the password
tochar = textBox1.Text;
textBox1.Clear();
char[] carray = tochar.ToCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < carray.Length; i++)
{
int num = Convert.ToInt32(carray[i]) + 10;
string cvrt = Convert.ToChar(num).ToString();
textBox1.Text += cvrt;
}
}
【讨论】：
System.Random 来保证安全。
我的代码的主要目标是：
第一个属性是通过以字母大小为模的 64 位值来实现的。对于小字母（例如问题中的 62 个字符），这会导致可忽略的偏差。第二个和第三个属性是通过使用RNGCryptoServiceProvider 而不是System.Random 来实现的。
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
public static string GetRandomAlphanumericString(int length)
{
const string alphanumericCharacters =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" +
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" +
"0123456789";
return GetRandomString(length, alphanumericCharacters);
}
public static string GetRandomString(int length, IEnumerable<char> characterSet)
{
if (length < 0)
throw new ArgumentException("length must not be negative", "length");
if (length > int.MaxValue / 8) // 250 million chars ought to be enough for anybody
throw new ArgumentException("length is too big", "length");
if (characterSet == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("characterSet");
var characterArray = characterSet.Distinct().ToArray();
if (characterArray.Length == 0)
throw new ArgumentException("characterSet must not be empty", "characterSet");
var bytes = new byte[length * 8];
new RNGCryptoServiceProvider().GetBytes(bytes);
var result = new char[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
ulong value = BitConverter.ToUInt64(bytes, i * 8);
result[i] = characterArray[value % (uint)characterArray.Length];
}
return new string(result);
}
（这是我对How can I generate random 8 character, alphanumeric strings in C#? 的回复的副本）
【讨论】：
这很短，对我很有用。
public static string GenerateRandomCode(int length)
{
Random rdm = new Random();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < length; i++)
sb.Append(Convert.ToChar(rdm.Next(101,132)));
return sb.ToString();
}
【讨论】：
我创建了使用 RNGCryptoServiceProvider 的this class，它很灵活。示例：
var generator = new PasswordGenerator(minimumLengthPassword: 8,
maximumLengthPassword: 15,
minimumUpperCaseChars: 2,
minimumNumericChars: 3,
minimumSpecialChars: 2);
string password = generator.Generate();
【讨论】：
public string GenerateToken(int length)
{
using (RNGCryptoServiceProvider cryptRNG = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
{
byte[] tokenBuffer = new byte[length];
cryptRNG.GetBytes(tokenBuffer);
return Convert.ToBase64String(tokenBuffer);
}
}
（你也可以让这个方法所在的类实现 IDisposable，持有对 RNGCryptoServiceProvider 的引用，并正确处理它，以避免重复实例化它。）
注意到，由于这返回一个 base-64 字符串，输出长度始终是 4 的倍数，额外的空格使用 = 作为填充字符。 length 参数指定字节缓冲区的长度，而不是输出字符串（因此可能不是该参数的最佳名称，现在我考虑一下）。这控制密码将有多少字节的entropy。但是，由于 base-64 使用 4 字符块来编码每 3 个字节的输入，如果您要求的长度不是 3 的倍数，将会有一些额外的“空格”，它会使用 =填补多余的。
如果您出于某种原因不喜欢使用 base-64 字符串，您可以将 Convert.ToBase64String() 调用替换为转换为常规字符串或任何 Encoding 方法；例如。 Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tokenBuffer) - 只需确保您选择的字符集可以代表来自 RNG 的全部值范围，并且生成的字符与您发送或存储的任何地方都兼容。例如，使用 Unicode 往往会给出很多汉字。使用 base-64 可以保证广泛兼容的字符集，只要您使用合适的散列算法，此类字符串的特性就不会降低其安全性。
【讨论】：
在我的网站上我使用这种方法：
//Symb array
private const string _SymbolsAll = "~`!@#$%^&*()_+=-\\|[{]}'\";:/?.>,<";
//Random symb
public string GetSymbol(int Length)
{
Random Rand = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
result.Append(_SymbolsAll[Rand.Next(0, _SymbolsAll.Length)]);
return result.ToString();
}
为您的数组列表编辑字符串_SymbolsAll。
【讨论】：
我一直对 KeePass 内置的密码生成器非常满意。由于 KeePass 是一个 .Net 程序并且是开源的，所以我决定深入研究一下代码。我最终只是引用了标准应用程序安装中提供的副本 KeePass.exe 作为我项目中的参考并编写了下面的代码。借助 KeePass，您可以看到它的灵活性。您可以指定长度、包含/不包含哪些字符等...
using KeePassLib.Cryptography.PasswordGenerator;
using KeePassLib.Security;
public static string GeneratePassword(int passwordLength, bool lowerCase, bool upperCase, bool digits,
bool punctuation, bool brackets, bool specialAscii, bool excludeLookAlike)
{
var ps = new ProtectedString();
var profile = new PwProfile();
profile.CharSet = new PwCharSet();
profile.CharSet.Clear();
if (lowerCase)
profile.CharSet.AddCharSet('l');
if(upperCase)
profile.CharSet.AddCharSet('u');
if(digits)
profile.CharSet.AddCharSet('d');
if (punctuation)
profile.CharSet.AddCharSet('p');
if (brackets)
profile.CharSet.AddCharSet('b');
if (specialAscii)
profile.CharSet.AddCharSet('s');
profile.ExcludeLookAlike = excludeLookAlike;
profile.Length = (uint)passwordLength;
profile.NoRepeatingCharacters = true;
KeePassLib.Cryptography.PasswordGenerator.PwGenerator.Generate(out ps, profile, null, _pool);
return ps.ReadString();
}
【讨论】：
这是我快速整理的内容。
public string GeneratePassword(int len)
{
string res = "";
Random rnd = new Random();
while (res.Length < len) res += (new Func<Random, string>((r) => {
char c = (char)((r.Next(123) * DateTime.Now.Millisecond % 123));
return (Char.IsLetterOrDigit(c)) ? c.ToString() : "";
}))(rnd);
return res;
}
【讨论】：
public string Sifre_Uret(int boy, int noalfa)
{
// 01.03.2016
// Genel amaçlı şifre üretme fonksiyonu
//Fonskiyon 128 den büyük olmasına izin vermiyor.
if (boy > 128 ) { boy = 128; }
if (noalfa > 128) { noalfa = 128; }
if (noalfa > boy) { noalfa = boy; }
string passch = System.Web.Security.Membership.GeneratePassword(boy, noalfa);
//URL encoding ve Url Pass + json sorunu yaratabilecekler pass ediliyor.
//Microsoft Garanti etmiyor. Alfa Sayısallar Olabiliyorimiş . !@#$%^&*()_-+=[{]};:<>|./?.
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/tr-tr/library/system.web.security.membership.generatepassword(v=vs.110).aspx
//URL ve Json ajax lar için filtreleme
passch = passch.Replace(":", "z");
passch = passch.Replace(";", "W");
passch = passch.Replace("'", "t");
passch = passch.Replace("\"", "r");
passch = passch.Replace("/", "+");
passch = passch.Replace("\\", "e");
passch = passch.Replace("?", "9");
passch = passch.Replace("&", "8");
passch = passch.Replace("#", "D");
passch = passch.Replace("%", "u");
passch = passch.Replace("=", "4");
passch = passch.Replace("~", "1");
passch = passch.Replace("[", "2");
passch = passch.Replace("]", "3");
passch = passch.Replace("{", "g");
passch = passch.Replace("}", "J");
//passch = passch.Replace("(", "6");
//passch = passch.Replace(")", "0");
//passch = passch.Replace("|", "p");
//passch = passch.Replace("@", "4");
//passch = passch.Replace("!", "u");
//passch = passch.Replace("$", "Z");
//passch = passch.Replace("*", "5");
//passch = passch.Replace("_", "a");
passch = passch.Replace(",", "V");
passch = passch.Replace(".", "N");
passch = passch.Replace("+", "w");
passch = passch.Replace("-", "7");
return passch;
}
【讨论】：
在接受的答案中添加了一些补充代码。它仅使用 Random 改进了答案，并允许一些密码选项。我也喜欢 KeePass 答案中的一些选项，但不想在我的解决方案中包含可执行文件。
private string RandomPassword(int length, bool includeCharacters, bool includeNumbers, bool includeUppercase, bool includeNonAlphaNumericCharacters, bool includeLookAlikes)
{
if (length < 8 || length > 128) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length");
if (!includeCharacters && !includeNumbers && !includeNonAlphaNumericCharacters) throw new ArgumentException("RandomPassword-Key arguments all false, no values would be returned");
string pw = "";
do
{
pw += System.Web.Security.Membership.GeneratePassword(128, 25);
pw = RemoveCharacters(pw, includeCharacters, includeNumbers, includeUppercase, includeNonAlphaNumericCharacters, includeLookAlikes);
} while (pw.Length < length);
return pw.Substring(0, length);
}
private string RemoveCharacters(string passwordString, bool includeCharacters, bool includeNumbers, bool includeUppercase, bool includeNonAlphaNumericCharacters, bool includeLookAlikes)
{
if (!includeCharacters)
{
var remove = new string[] { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z" };
foreach (string r in remove)
{
passwordString = passwordString.Replace(r, string.Empty);
passwordString = passwordString.Replace(r.ToUpper(), string.Empty);
}
}
if (!includeNumbers)
{
var remove = new string[] { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" };
foreach (string r in remove)
passwordString = passwordString.Replace(r, string.Empty);
}
if (!includeUppercase)
passwordString = passwordString.ToLower();
if (!includeNonAlphaNumericCharacters)
{
var remove = new string[] { "!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", "-", "_", "+", "=", "{", "}", "[", "]", "|", "\\", ":", ";", "<", ">", "/", "?", "." };
foreach (string r in remove)
passwordString = passwordString.Replace(r, string.Empty);
}
if (!includeLookAlikes)
{
var remove = new string[] { "(", ")", "0", "O", "o", "1", "i", "I", "l", "|", "!", ":", ";" };
foreach (string r in remove)
passwordString = passwordString.Replace(r, string.Empty);
}
return passwordString;
}
这是我搜索生成随机密码时的第一个链接，以下内容超出了当前问题的范围，但可能需要考虑。
System.Web.Security.Membership.GeneratePassword 在密码学上是安全的，至少 20% 的字符是非字母数字的。【讨论】：
validChars 可以是任何构造，但我决定根据删除控制字符的 ascii 代码范围进行选择。在本例中，它是一个 12 个字符的字符串。
string validChars = String.Join("", Enumerable.Range(33, (126 - 33)).Where(i => !(new int[] { 34, 38, 39, 44, 60, 62, 96 }).Contains(i)).Select(i => { return (char)i; }));
string.Join("", Enumerable.Range(1, 12).Select(i => { return validChars[(new Random(Guid.NewGuid().GetHashCode())).Next(0, validChars.Length - 1)]; }))
【讨论】：
Generate random password of specified length with
- Special characters
- Number
- Lowecase
- Uppercase
public static string CreatePassword(int length = 12)
{
const string lower = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
const string upper = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
const string number = "1234567890";
const string special = "!@#$%^&*";
var middle = length / 2;
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
Random rnd = new Random();
while (0 < length--)
{
if (middle == length)
{
res.Append(number[rnd.Next(number.Length)]);
}
else if (middle - 1 == length)
{
res.Append(special[rnd.Next(special.Length)]);
}
else
{
if (length % 2 == 0)
{
res.Append(lower[rnd.Next(lower.Length)]);
}
else
{
res.Append(upper[rnd.Next(upper.Length)]);
}
}
}
return res.ToString();
}
【讨论】：
Random 的实例设为静态
public static string GeneratePassword(int passLength) {
var chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz@#$&ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
var random = new Random();
var result = new string(
Enumerable.Repeat(chars, passLength)
.Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)])
.ToArray());
return result;
}
【讨论】：
我将在锅中添加另一个不明智的答案。
我有一个用例，我需要随机密码进行机机通信，因此我对人类可读性没有任何要求。我的项目中也无权访问Membership.GeneratePassword，也不想添加依赖项。
我相当肯定 Membership.GeneratePassword 正在做类似的事情，但在这里您可以调整要从中提取的字符池。
public static class PasswordGenerator
{
private readonly static Random _rand = new Random();
public static string Generate(int length = 24)
{
const string lower = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
const string upper = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
const string number = "1234567890";
const string special = "!@#$%^&*_-=+";
// Get cryptographically random sequence of bytes
var bytes = new byte[length];
new RNGCryptoServiceProvider().GetBytes(bytes);
// Build up a string using random bytes and character classes
var res = new StringBuilder();
foreach(byte b in bytes)
{
// Randomly select a character class for each byte
switch (_rand.Next(4))
{
// In each case use mod to project byte b to the correct range
case 0:
res.Append(lower[b % lower.Count()]);
break;
case 1:
res.Append(upper[b % upper.Count()]);
break;
case 2:
res.Append(number[b % number.Count()]);
break;
case 3:
res.Append(special[b % special.Count()]);
break;
}
}
return res.ToString();
}
}
还有一些示例输出：
PasswordGenerator.Generate(12)
"pzY=64@-ChS$"
"BG0OsyLbYnI_"
"l9#5^2&adj_i"
"#++Ws9d$%O%X"
"IWhdIN-#&O^s"
为了抢占对使用 Random 的投诉：随机性的主要来源仍然是加密 RNG。即使您可以确定性地预先确定来自Random 的序列（比如说它只产生1），您仍然不会知道将选择的下一个字符（尽管会限制范围可能性）。
一个简单的扩展是为不同的字符集添加权重，这可以像增加最大值和添加失败案例以增加权重一样简单。
switch (_rand.Next(6))
{
// Prefer letters 2:1
case 0:
case 1:
res.Append(lower[b % lower.Count()]);
break;
case 2:
case 3:
res.Append(upper[b % upper.Count()]);
break;
case 4:
res.Append(number[b % number.Count()]);
break;
case 5:
res.Append(special[b % special.Count()]);
break;
}
为了更人性化的随机密码生成器，我曾经使用the EFF dice-word list实现了一个提示系统。
【讨论】：
我使用此代码生成由字母、数字和非字母数字字符组成的余额组成的密码。
public static string GeneratePassword(int Length, int NonAlphaNumericChars)
{
string allowedChars = "abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
string allowedNonAlphaNum = "!@#$%^&*()_-+=[{]};:<>|./?";
string pass = "";
Random rd = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
if (rd.Next(1) > 0 && NonAlphaNumericChars > 0)
{
pass += allowedNonAlphaNum[rd.Next(allowedNonAlphaNum.Length)];
NonAlphaNumericChars--;
}
else
{
pass += allowedChars[rd.Next(allowedChars.Length)];
}
}
return pass;
}
【讨论】：
这个包允许您生成一个随机密码，同时流畅地指示它应该包含哪些字符（如果需要）：
https://github.com/prjseal/PasswordGenerator/
例子：
var pwd = new Password().IncludeLowercase().IncludeUppercase().IncludeSpecial();
var password = pwd.Next();
【讨论】：
如果您想利用 System.Web.Security.Membership.GeneratePassword 使用的加密安全随机数生成，但又想将字符集限制为字母数字字符，您可以使用正则表达式过滤结果：
static string GeneratePassword(int characterCount)
{
string password = String.Empty;
while(password.Length < characterCount)
password += Regex.Replace(System.Web.Security.Membership.GeneratePassword(128, 0), "[^a-zA-Z0-9]", string.Empty);
return password.Substring(0, characterCount);
}
【讨论】：
检查此代码... 我添加了 .remove(length) 以改善 anaximander 的响应
public string GeneratePassword(int length)
{
using(RNGCryptoServiceProvider cryptRNG = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();)
{
byte[] tokenBuffer = new byte[length];
cryptRNG.GetBytes(tokenBuffer);
return Convert.ToBase64String(tokenBuffer).Remove(length);
}
}
【讨论】：
RNGCryptoServiceProvider 实现了IDisposable，因此您应该将其包装在 using() 块中。
如何在 C# 中生成随机密码。
输出：(https://prnt.sc/11fac8v)
运行：https://onlinegdb.com/HJe5OHBLu
using System;
using System.Linq;
public class Program
{
private static Random random = new Random();
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Random password with length of 8 character.");
Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
Console.WriteLine("Capital latters : 2");
Console.WriteLine("Number latters : 2");
Console.WriteLine("Special latters : 2");
Console.WriteLine("Small latters : 2");
Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
Console.Write("The Random Password : ");
Console.WriteLine(RandomStringCap(2) + RandomStringNum(2) + RandomStringSpe(2) + RandomStringSml(2));
Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
}
public static string RandomStringCap(int length)
{
const string chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
return new string(Enumerable.Repeat(chars, length)
.Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)]).ToArray());
}
public static string RandomStringNum(int length)
{
const string chars = "0123456789";
return new string(Enumerable.Repeat(chars, length)
.Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)]).ToArray());
}
public static string RandomStringSml(int length)
{
const string chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
return new string(Enumerable.Repeat(chars, length)
.Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)]).ToArray());
}
public static string RandomStringSpe(int length)
{
const string chars = "!@#$%^&*_-=+";
return new string(Enumerable.Repeat(chars, length)
.Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)]).ToArray());
}
}
【讨论】：
/// <summary>
/// Provides static methods to generate random passwords.
/// </summary>
public static class PasswordGenerator
{
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password of the specified length.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate</param>
/// <returns>The generated password</returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public static string Generate(int length)
{
return Generate(length, PasswordCharacters.All, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password based on the provided criteria.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate</param>
/// <param name="allowedCharacters">Set of allowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <returns>The generated password</returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public static string Generate(int length, PasswordCharacters allowedCharacters)
{
return Generate(length, allowedCharacters, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password based on the provided criteria.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate</param>
/// <param name="allowedCharacters">Set of allowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <param name="excludeCharacters">Set of disallowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <returns>The generated password</returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public static string Generate(int length, PasswordCharacters allowedCharacters,
IEnumerable<char> excludeCharacters)
{
char[] password = InternalGenerate(length, allowedCharacters, excludeCharacters, () => new char[length],
(pw, ch, index) => pw[index] = ch);
return new string(password);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password of the specified length and returns it as a <see cref="SecureString" />
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate</param>
/// <returns>The generated password as a <see cref="SecureString" /></returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public static SecureString GenerateSecure(int length)
{
return GenerateSecure(length, PasswordCharacters.All, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password based on the provided criteria and returns it as a <see cref="SecureString" />
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate</param>
/// <param name="allowedCharacters">Set of allowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <returns>The generated password as a <see cref="SecureString" /></returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public static SecureString GenerateSecure(int length, PasswordCharacters allowedCharacters)
{
return GenerateSecure(length, allowedCharacters, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password based on the provided criteria and returns it as a <see cref="SecureString" />
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate</param>
/// <param name="allowedCharacters">Set of allowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <param name="excludeCharacters">Set of disallowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <returns>The generated password as a <see cref="SecureString" /></returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public static SecureString GenerateSecure(int length, PasswordCharacters allowedCharacters,
IEnumerable<char> excludeCharacters)
{
SecureString password = InternalGenerate(length, allowedCharacters, excludeCharacters,
() => new SecureString(),
(pw, ch, index) => pw.AppendChar(ch));
password.MakeReadOnly();
return password;
}
/// <summary>
/// Common method to generate the password for strings and <see cref="SecureString"/>s
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of the password to return</typeparam>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate</param>
/// <param name="allowedCharacters">Set of allowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <param name="excludeCharacters">Set of disallowed characters in the generated password</param>
/// <param name="initialValue">Function to generate the initial password to return</param>
/// <param name="appender">Function to append a character to the password</param>
/// <returns>The generated password</returns>
private static T InternalGenerate<T>(int length, PasswordCharacters allowedCharacters,
IEnumerable<char> excludeCharacters, Func<T> initialValue, Action<T, char, int> appender)
{
if (length <= 0)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length", "Password length must be greater than zero");
// Create a byte array the same length as the expected password and populate it with
// random bytes
var randomBytes = new byte[length];
var randomNumberGenerator = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
randomNumberGenerator.GetBytes(randomBytes);
// Create a string of all the characters allowed in the password
string allowedCharactersString = GenerateAllowedCharactersString(allowedCharacters, excludeCharacters);
int allowedCharactersCount = allowedCharactersString.Length;
// Create the password
T password = initialValue();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
appender(password, allowedCharactersString[randomBytes[i] % allowedCharactersCount], i);
return password;
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a string of allowed characters after excluding the disallowed characters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="characters">Set of allowed characters</param>
/// <param name="excludeCharacters">Set of disallowed characters</param>
/// <returns>String of allowed characters, excluding disallowed characters</returns>
private static string GenerateAllowedCharactersString(PasswordCharacters characters,
IEnumerable<char> excludeCharacters)
{
var allowedCharactersString = new StringBuilder();
foreach (KeyValuePair<PasswordCharacters, string> type in AllowedPasswordCharacters)
{
if ((characters & type.Key) != type.Key)
continue;
if (excludeCharacters == null)
allowedCharactersString.Append(type.Value);
else
allowedCharactersString.Append(type.Value.Where(c => !excludeCharacters.Contains(c)).ToArray());
}
return allowedCharactersString.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// Mapping of the <see cref="PasswordCharacters" /> enum to the characters they allow.
/// </summary>
private static readonly Dictionary<PasswordCharacters, string> AllowedPasswordCharacters =
new Dictionary<PasswordCharacters, string>(5) {
{ PasswordCharacters.LowercaseLetters, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" },
{ PasswordCharacters.UppercaseLetters, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" },
{ PasswordCharacters.Numbers, "0123456789" },
{ PasswordCharacters.Punctuations, @"~`!@#$%^&*()_-+={[}]|\:;""'<,>.?/" },
{ PasswordCharacters.Space, " " }
};
}
/// <summary>
/// Enum representing the various sets of allowed characters for password generation.
/// </summary>
[Flags]
public enum PasswordCharacters
{
LowercaseLetters = 0x01,
UppercaseLetters = 0x02,
Numbers = 0x04,
Punctuations = 0x08,
Space = 0x10,
AllLetters = LowercaseLetters | UppercaseLetters,
AlphaNumeric = AllLetters | Numbers,
All = AllLetters | Numbers | Punctuations | Space
}
【讨论】：