从 1 到 10 的不同数字

Question

我想从 0-9 的范围内生成 10 个不同的数字。所需的输出可能如下所示，9 0 8 6 5 3 2 4 1 7

Dim arraynum(9) As Integer
Dim crmd As Boolean
Dim rmd as integer

For i = 0 To 9
    arraynum(i) = -1
Next i

crmd = True
Randomize Timer
For i = 0 To 9
    rmd = Int(Rnd * 10)
    For j = 0 To 9
        If arraynum(j) = rmd Then
            j = 9
            If crmd = False Then
                i = i - 1
            End If
            crmd = True
        Else
            crmd = False
        End If
    Next j
    If crmd = False Then
        arraynum(i) = rmd
        QuestionILabel.Caption = QuestionILabel.Caption + Str(arraynum(i))
    End If
Next i

Answer 1

没有指定性能要求，我将使用以下简短的代码：

Randomize
With CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
    Do
        .Item(Int(Rnd * 10)) = ""
    Loop Until .Count = 10
    MsgBox Join(.Keys)
End With

Answer 2

这是最简单但有效的代码。也没有 API！

Dim a(1 To 10), tmp, count, isRepeated
count = 1
Randomize
While count <= 10
    isRepeated = False
    tmp = Left(Rnd * 10, 1)
    For i = 1 To 10
        If tmp = a(i) Then isRepeated = True: Exit For
    Next
    If isRepeated = False Then a(count) = tmp: count = count + 1
Wend
YourLine = Join(a, "")

Answer 3

Option Explicit 'Force variable declaration

Private Sub Form_Load()
    Dim Ar(1 To 100) As Integer 'The array to store it in
    Dim i, j As Integer 'Counters for loops
    Dim X As Integer 'Variable to store the random generated number
    Dim bFound As Boolean 'Boolean to check if the value has been generated before

    Randomize 'Just once to ensure that we get random values

    For i = 1 To 100
        Do 'Start the loop that generates a random number and checks if it has already been generated
            X = RandomInteger(1, 100) 'Generate a random number
            bFound = False 'Set the boolean to false, if we find the number while searching the array, we'll set it to true which means that we already have that number
            For j = 1 To i 'We only need to check up to i (since we haven't put any values in the rest of the array)
                If Ar(j) = X Then 'If an item of the arrray is the same as the last generated number
                    bFound = True 'Set the boolean to true (it already exists)
                    DoEvents 'To not freeze until the looping is done
                    Exit For 'Since we found it there is no need to check the rest
                End If
            Next
        Loop Until bFound = False 'If it wasn't found then we'll add it, if it was found then we go back to generating a new number and comparing it with all the items of the array
        Ar(i) = X 'Add it to the array
    Next

    ShowInTextBox Text1, Ar 'Just to print the data and see it
End Sub

Private Function RandomInteger(Lowerbound As Integer, Upperbound As Integer) As Integer 'The random number generator code
    RandomInteger = Int((Upperbound - Lowerbound + 1) * Rnd + Lowerbound)
End Function

Private Sub ShowInTextBox(TB As TextBox, A() As Integer) 'Just a sub to show the data in a textbox
    Dim i As Integer

    TB.Text = ""

    For i = 1 To UBound(A)
        TB.Text = TB.Text & CStr(A(i)) & vbCrLf
    Next

    TB.Text = Left$(TB.Text, Len(TB.Text) - 2)
End Sub

Answer 4

选择随机值然后丢弃那些你已经使用过的值是一个坏的想法。由于您丢弃的数字越来越多，因此可用数字池越来越少，因此运行时间变长。

你想要的是一个随机列表，我将使用以下代码（伪代码，因为它是家庭作业）来实现：

dim n[10]                 // gives n[0] through n[9]
for each i in 0..9:
    n[i] = i              // initialize them to their indexes
nsize = 10                // starting pool size
do 10 times:
    i = rnd(nsize)        // give a number between 0 and nsize-1
    print n[i]
    nsize = nsize - 1     // these two lines effectively remove the used number
    n[i] = n[nsize]

只需从池中选择一个随机数，然后用该池中的顶部数字替换它并减小池的大小，您就可以进行洗牌，而不必担心预先进行大量交换。如果数量很大，这一点很重要，因为它不会引入不必要的启动延迟。

例如，检查以下基准检查：

<--------- n[x] ---------->
for x = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  nsize  rnd(nsize)  output
---------------------------  -----  ----------  ------
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9     10           4       4
        0 1 2 3 9 5 6 7 8        9           7       7
        0 1 2 3 9 5 6 8          8           2       2
        0 1 8 3 9 5 6            7           6       6
        0 1 8 3 9 5              6           0       0
        5 1 8 3 9                5           2       8
        5 1 9 3                  4           1       1
        5 3 9                    3           0       5
        9 3                      2           1       3
        9                        1           0       9

您可以看到池在减少，因为您总是用未使用的替换使用过的，因此您永远不会重复。

现在你的作业就是把它变成 VB :-)

---

而且，由于这项作业现在几乎可以肯定已经过期了（大约一年前），为了完整起见，我将发布一个 VBA 解决方案来展示如何做。

Option Explicit
Option Base 0
Sub Macro1()
    Randomize
    Dim list(10) As Integer
    Dim i As Integer
    Dim size As Integer
    Dim pos As Integer
    Dim result As String

    For i = 0 To 9
        list(i) = i
    Next

    size = 10
    result = ":"
    For i = 1 To 10
        pos = Int(Rnd() * size)
        result = result & list(pos) & ":"
        size = size - 1
        list(pos) = list(size)
    Next

    MsgBox result
End Sub

这在三个单独的运行中生成：

:5:7:4:2:9:1:0:8:3:6:
:3:9:6:0:7:8:5:4:2:1:
:7:6:3:5:1:8:9:0:4:2:

Answer 5

您需要对 0 到 9 的数组进行随机排列。

我忘了怎么写基本的..类似的东西：

dim a(10)
for i=0 to 9 do a(i) = i
rem do random permute over a:
for i=0 to 9 do 
  j = rand() mod (i+1)
  tmp = a(j)
  a(i) = a(j)
  a(j) = tmp
next i