在 Python 中开发我的第一个真正的游戏，但我遇到了一些问题

Question

在编写游戏代码时，我在运行它时遇到了问题。例如，僵尸攻击没有正确出现，使用商店时金币值和健康值不会更新。运行战斗部分时，僵尸第一次血量少，然后血量多，伤害高。我不知道我搞砸了什么。有什么帮助/提示吗？

import time

import sys

import random

cls = ("\n"*100)


class Mage:
    def __init__(self):
        self.maxhp = 50
        self.attack = 3.33
        self.name = "Mage"


class Warrior:
    def __init__(self):
        self.maxhp = 70
        self.attack = 2.5
        self.name = "Warrior"


class Thief:
    def __init__(self):
        self.maxhp = 35
        self.attack = 5
        self.name = "Thief"


class Zombie:
    def __init__(self):
        self.maxhp = 10
        self.attack = 1
        self.name = "Zombie"


def heal(character_health):

    if character_health < character_health:
        character_health += 5
        print("Healed. Health is now " + character_health + " +5.")
        time.sleep(2)
    else:
        print("No healing available.")
        time.sleep(2)


def battle(character_health, character_attack, monster_health, monster_attack, gold):
    while True:

        character_health_max = character_health

        monster_name = "Zombie"

        choice1 = input("\nPress 1 to Attack: ")

        if choice1 == "1":
            monster_health -= character_attack
            print("\n" + str(monster_name) + "'s health is now " + str(monster_health))
            time.sleep(1)
            character_health -= monster_attack
            print("\nThe hero's health is now " + str(character_health))
            time.sleep(1)

        if character_health <= 0:
            print("\nThe hero is dead.")
            sys.exit("\nThe End")

        if monster_health <= 0:
            print("\nThe monster is dead.")
            time.sleep(2)
            print("Your gold has increased by: 5")
            gold += 5
            monster_health = 10
            character_health = character_health_max
            time.sleep(2)
            menu_list(character_health, character_attack, monster_health, monster_attack, gold)


def store(gold, character_health):

        print("\nWelcome to my shop of wonders! My name is Hanz, what can I aid you with today? We have...\nPotions: [1.] EEK")
        buy = input("\nWhat will it be? ")

        if gold < 5:
            print("Sorry, you don't have any gold!")
            time.sleep(2)

        if buy == "1" and gold >= 5:
            print("\nYou now own the Potion EEK! Health increased by 5!")
            character_health += 5
            gold -= 5
            time.sleep(2)


def menu_list(character_health, character_attack, monster_health, monster_attack, gold):

    while True:
        print(cls)

        menu = input("---> Fight [1.] \n---> Heal [2.] \n---> Store [3.] \n---> Quit [4.] \n---> Gold: " + str(gold) + " \n---> ")

        if menu == "4":
            sys.exit()

        if menu == "2":
            heal(character_health)

        if menu == "1":
            battle(character_health, character_attack, monster_attack, monster_health, gold)

        if menu == "3":
            store(gold, character_attack)

        if menu == "Gold":
            print("\nNot valid hackerman.")
            time.sleep(1)


class Main:

    print(cls)

    name = input("What is your name: ")

    character = input("\nChoose your class: \n----------------- \nMage [1.] \nWarrior [2.] \nThief [3.] \n---> ")

    if character == "1":
        character_health = Mage().maxhp
        print("\nHealth " + str(character_health))
        character_attack = Mage().attack
        print("\nAttack " + str(character_attack))
        character_name = Mage().name
        print("\nClass " + str(character_name))
        time.sleep(3)
        monster_health = Zombie().maxhp
        monster_attack = Zombie().attack
        gold = 0
        menu_list(character_health, character_attack, monster_health, monster_attack, gold)

    if character == "2":
        character_health = Warrior().maxhp
        print("\nHealth " + str(character_health))
        character_attack = Warrior().attack
        print("\nAttack " + str(character_attack))
        character_name = Warrior().name
        print("\nClass " + str(character_name))
        time.sleep(3)
        monster_health = Zombie().maxhp
        monster_attack = Zombie().attack
        gold = 0
        menu_list(character_health, character_attack, monster_health, monster_attack, gold)

    if character == "3":
        character_health = Thief().maxhp
        print("\nHealth " + str(character_health))
        character_attack = Thief().attack
        print("\nAttack " + str(character_attack))
        character_name = Thief().name
        print("\nClass " + str(character_name))
        time.sleep(3)
        monster_health = Zombie().maxhp
        monster_attack = Zombie().attack
        gold = 0
        menu_list(character_health, character_attack, monster_health, monster_attack, gold)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Main()

Answer 1

我认为现在是回顾一下在 Python 中将变量传递给函数时会发生什么的好时机。

首先，Python 中的一切都是对象！原语也是（数字在 Python 中被包装为对象）。每一类对象都继承自 Python 中的 object 类。

现在，当您将原语传递给函数并更改值时会发生什么？

举例说明：

def foo(a):
    a = 5
b = 1
foo(b)
print(b) # b is still 1! Some objects in Python are immutable including integers, strings, and booleans.

现在我怀疑你的金币和健康值没有改变，因为你传递了无法改变的不可变对象！

如何解决？ 你想传入一个可变对象！不要为角色的健康传递一个整数对象（不可变），而是传递角色对象（可变）。您可以设置该角色对象的新生命值。

举例说明：

class Warrior:
def __init__(self):
    self.maxhp = 70
    self.attack = 2.5
    self.name = "Warrior"
    self.currenthp = 55 # arbitrary number but you may want to have something like this

def heal(warrior):
    warrior.currenthp += 5

# somewhere in your Main function
warrior1 = Warrior()
heal(warrior1) # currenthp of this warrior should be 60!

在创建游戏时正确实施 OOP 很重要。同样尝试调试您的其他问题，注意您如何实现 OOP。