Java 生成并期望以稍微不同的形式接收签名。消息的哈希必须在 DER 中编码,然后用 PKCS#1 填充,然后才用私钥签名。 Openssl 有一个命令(因为它实际上是一个标准程序)。而不是
openssl dgst -sha256 < data.txt > hash
openssl rsautl -sign -inkey private.pem -keyform PEM -in hash > signature
你会的
openssl dgst -sha256 -binary -sign private.pem data.txt > signature
另请注意:
- 您的
data.txt 包含换行符,不要忘记在String verification 变量中
-
sig.update(verification.getBytes()) 应明确指出一个字符集 - 用于填充 data.txt 文件的相同字符集,例如:sig.update(verification.getBytes("UTF-8"))
您的其余命令/代码似乎没问题。
UPD - 回答@GilCol 关于差异:
两个签名消息 (PKCS#1) 的填充相同。但消息不同。
当您使用openssl dgst -sha256 < data.txt > hash 时,hash 将包含(取决于 openssl 版本):
(stdin)= aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f
或
aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f
这只是纯文本,是您将使用openssl rsautl -sign ... 签名的消息。我们可以看到openssl rsautl -verify ...:
# raw message as-is - we can see the padding
$ openssl rsautl -in signature -pubin -inkey public.pem -verify -raw -hexdump
0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0070 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0080 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0090 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00a0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00b0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 61 ...............a #
00c0 - 65 63 30 37 30 36 34 35-66 65 35 33 65 65 33 62 ec070645fe53ee3b #
00d0 - 33 37 36 33 30 35 39 33-37 36 31 33 34 66 30 35 3763059376134f05 # your plain-text message
00e0 - 38 63 63 33 33 37 32 34-37 63 39 37 38 61 64 64 8cc337247c978add #
00f0 - 31 37 38 62 36 63 63 64-66 62 30 30 31 39 66 0a 178b6ccdfb0019f. # we can even see newline char (0a) at the end
# strip the padding
$ openssl rsautl -in signature -pubin -inkey public.pem -verify -pkcs -hexdump
0000 - 61 65 63 30 37 30 36 34-35 66 65 35 33 65 65 33 aec070645fe53ee3
0010 - 62 33 37 36 33 30 35 39-33 37 36 31 33 34 66 30 b3763059376134f0
0020 - 35 38 63 63 33 33 37 32-34 37 63 39 37 38 61 64 58cc337247c978ad
0030 - 64 31 37 38 62 36 63 63-64 66 62 30 30 31 39 66 d178b6ccdfb0019f
0040 - 0a .
如果你使用openssl dgst -sha256 -binary < data.txt > hash得到二进制(纯)形式的hash,然后签名,结果会更好,但还是不对:
# raw message as-is - we can see the same padding
$ openssl rsautl -in signature -pubin -inkey public.pem -verify -raw -hexdump
0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0070 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0080 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0090 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00a0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00b0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00c0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00d0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 ................
00e0 - ae c0 70 64 5f e5 3e e3-b3 76 30 59 37 61 34 f0 ..pd_.>..v0Y7a4. # the hash - now in binary form
00f0 - 58 cc 33 72 47 c9 78 ad-d1 78 b6 cc df b0 01 9f X.3rG.x..x...... #
# strip the padding
$ openssl rsautl -in signature -pubin -inkey public.pem -verify -pkcs -hexdump
0000 - ae c0 70 64 5f e5 3e e3-b3 76 30 59 37 61 34 f0 ..pd_.>..v0Y7a4. # just the hash, nothing else
0010 - 58 cc 33 72 47 c9 78 ad-d1 78 b6 cc df b0 01 9f X.3rG.x..x...... #
但是当您使用openssl dgst -sha256 -sign ... 时,消息就不同了——它现在是消息摘要(哈希)的标准 ASN.1 结构。让我们看看:
# raw message as-is - we can see the same padding
$ openssl rsautl -in signature -pubin -inkey public.pem -verify -raw -hexdump
0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0070 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0080 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
0090 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00a0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00b0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
00c0 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff 00 30 31 30 .............010 #
00d0 - 0d 06 09 60 86 48 01 65-03 04 02 01 05 00 04 20 ...`.H.e....... # the message - it's different
00e0 - ae c0 70 64 5f e5 3e e3-b3 76 30 59 37 61 34 f0 ..pd_.>..v0Y7a4. # <- we can see the hash (in binary form) starting at this line
00f0 - 58 cc 33 72 47 c9 78 ad-d1 78 b6 cc df b0 01 9f X.3rG.x..x...... #
# strip the padding
$ openssl rsautl -in signature -pubin -inkey public.pem -verify -pkcs -hexdump
0000 - 30 31 30 0d 06 09 60 86-48 01 65 03 04 02 01 05 010...`.H.e.....
0010 - 00 04 20 ae c0 70 64 5f-e5 3e e3 b3 76 30 59 37 .. ..pd_.>..v0Y7
0020 - 61 34 f0 58 cc 33 72 47-c9 78 ad d1 78 b6 cc df a4.X.3rG.x..x...
0030 - b0 01 9f ...
# parse the message and show the underlying ASN.1 structure
$ openssl rsautl -in signature -pubin -inkey public.pem -verify -pkcs -asn1parse
0:d=0 hl=2 l= 49 cons: SEQUENCE
2:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
4:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :sha256 # type of hash
15:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
17:d=1 hl=2 l= 32 prim: OCTET STRING
0000 - ae c0 70 64 5f e5 3e e3-b3 76 30 59 37 61 34 f0 ..pd_.>..v0Y7a4. # the hash in binary form
0010 - 58 cc 33 72 47 c9 78 ad-d1 78 b6 cc df b0 01 9f X.3rG.x..x...... # and no extra newline chars
如您所见,只有最后一个 signature 文件具有正确的 ASN.1 结构,前两个只是“一些任意”消息,使用 RSA 私钥签名。