在 Raspbian Apache 服务器上设置 SSL

Question

我有一个从 godaddy 购买的域和 SSL。我成功地将域指向了我的 Raspberry Pi 的 IP 地址。但是，SSL 存在一些问题。当我从 godaddy 下载 SSL 时，我得到两个 .crt 文件和一个 .pem 文件。 Godaddy 的说明只提到了一个 .key 文件和两个 .crt 文件。

在我的 apache 配置文件中，我按照 godaddy 的格式放入了一个 VirtualHost 标记，并替换了所有适当的信息：

<VirtualHost xxx.xxx.x.x:443>
DocumentRoot /var/www/coolexample
ServerName coolexample.com www.coolexample.com
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /path/to/coolexample.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/privatekey.key
    SSLCertificateChainFile /path/to/intermediate.crt
</VirtualHost>

但是，如您所见，这需要私钥。启动我的 apache 服务器时，错误日志告诉我找不到私钥。我的问题是，在 VirtualHost 标签中，如何使用 godaddy 给我的文件正确设置我的 SSL？

Answer 1

这是一个可以进入您的虚拟主机的 TLS 1.2 实现：

    SSLEngine On 
    SSLCertificateFile  /etc/ssl/localcerts/xxxxxxx.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/localcerts/mysite.key
    SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/localcerts/bundle.crt
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
    SSLHonorCipherOrder On
    SSLCipherSuite "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+RC4 EECDH EDH+aRSA RC4 !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES !MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS"

此外，您必须确保启用mod_ssl。在对应的配置文件中，可以做这样的事情（主要是库存）

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>

    # Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG):
    # Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the SSL library.
    # The seed data should be of good random quality.
    # WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy
    # is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device
    # because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as
    # it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those
    # platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't
    # block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User
    # Manual for more details.
    #
    SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
    SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512
    SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
    SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512

    ##
    ##  SSL Global Context
    ##
    ##  All SSL configuration in this context applies both to
    ##  the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts.
    ##

    #
    #   Some MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs
    #
    AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
    AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl

    #   Pass Phrase Dialog:
    #   Configure the pass phrase gathering process.
    #   The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is a internal
    #   terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout.
    SSLPassPhraseDialog  exec:/usr/share/apache2/ask-for-passphrase

    #   Inter-Process Session Cache:
    #   Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism 
    #   to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds).
    #   (The mechanism dbm has known memory leaks and should not be used).
    #SSLSessionCache         dbm:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_scache
    SSLSessionCache     shmcb:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_scache(512000)
    SSLSessionCacheTimeout  300

    #   Semaphore:
    #   Configure the path to the mutual exclusion semaphore the
    #   SSL engine uses internally for inter-process synchronization. 
    #   (Disabled by default, the global Mutex directive consolidates by default
    #   this)
    #Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/ssl_mutex ssl-cache


    #   SSL Cipher Suite:
    #   List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate. See the
    #   ciphers(1) man page from the openssl package for list of all available
    #   options.
    #   Enable only secure ciphers:
    SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5

    # SSL server cipher order preference:
    # Use server priorities for cipher algorithm choice.
    # Clients may prefer lower grade encryption.  You should enable this
    # option if you want to enforce stronger encryption, and can afford
    # the CPU cost, and did not override SSLCipherSuite in a way that puts
    # insecure ciphers first.
    # Default: Off
    #SSLHonorCipherOrder on

    #   The protocols to enable.
    #   Available values: all, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2
    #   SSL v2  is no longer supported
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3

    #   Allow insecure renegotiation with clients which do not yet support the
    #   secure renegotiation protocol. Default: Off
    #SSLInsecureRenegotiation on

    #   Whether to forbid non-SNI clients to access name based virtual hosts.
    #   Default: Off
    #SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck On
</IfModule>

这些更改应该让您使用 TLS 1.2。

如果您的服务器用于生产“商业用途”，那么研究配置文件和虚拟主机非常重要。