从 Windows 10 VS2017 编译在 Windows 7 上部署和...找不到 DLL

Question

2.5 天，我尝试找到类似错误的根源

Could not load file or assembly "mydll.dll" or one of its dependencies.
The specified module could not be found

该项目是一个基于 Windows C# 的应用程序。该 dll 是在项目内的 C++ 库中创建的。我正在使用 VS2017 Entreprise 在 Windows 10 64 位下编译，在 Windows 7 64 位下部署时遇到问题（在 Windwos 10 下部署效果很好......）。所有 .NET libs/exes/plugins 都针对 .NET 4.5.2（安装在部署计算机上）。图书馆使用

Windows SDK Version: 8.1
Platform Toolset: Visual Studio 2017 (v141)

该项目制作了一个 msi 安装程序，我在部署计算机上成功安装了它。 dll当然是有的。

所以我用进程监视器观察了程序的执行。该dll似乎被加载了几次。 我最后一次看到以下内容。

"10:31:13.7703319 AM","App.exe","1412","CloseFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\ucrtbased.dll","SUCCESS",""
"10:31:13.7703575 AM","App.exe","1412","ReadFile","C:\Progra mFiles (x86)\Vendor\Programm\ucrtbased.dll","SUCCESS","Offset: 1,452,544, Length: 5,120, I/O Flags: Non-cached, Paging I/O, Synchronous Paging I/O, Priority: Normal"
"10:31:13.7721639 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7722398 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7723496 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\system\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7724133 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7725133 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7725731 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7726340 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7726991 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7727622 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7729093 AM","App.exe","1412","CloseFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\mydll.dll","SUCCESS",""

那个api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll确实是被dependency walker和

一起列出的

API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L2-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-1.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-TIMEZONE-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-ADVAPI32-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-OLE32-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-SHLWAPI-L1-1-0.DLL
GPSVC.DLL
MSISO.DLL

Google 告诉我，所有这些都与这个问题无关...... 现在用nm-D 和ldd 在 linux 下用 2.5 分钟完成你所做的事情需要 2.5 天...

Answer 1

在尝试从 Windows 10 高效定位到 Windows 7 3 天后，我分享了我的经验，并得出以下答案：
这是 Microsoft 开发人员从未预见到的。 MS提供了一些hack，但无法实现可靠的开发链。

1. 在您遇到的其他问题中，请查看link ..（您真的必须手动卸载 Microsoft 软件包才能执行 Microsoft 更新吗？真的是 Microsoft？）
2. 截至 2018 年，没有有效的工具可以告诉您 Microsoft 世界中缺少什么动态库（基本上没有等效的 ldd）......甚至不要开始告诉我有关 DependecyWalker 或任何东西，它给出了太多的误报（>>100% 信噪比）并且已经过时了。

这与这里不值得一提的 1000 个其他 Microsoft 典型问题（包冲突等）一起，导致说这样做可能在理论上是可能的，但 不是 在实践中。 （如果你在 Linux 下几分钟内完成的事情需要几个小时或几天才能完成，我认为这实际上不可行）

我给读者的建议是，如果你需要以 Win7 为目标，那就让自己成为一个 Win7 开发虚拟机。

当然，如果您的公司只能为您提供 VS2017 而不是 2015，则会出现问题。微软完全知道这种困境，实际上这正是他们的目标。强迫您购买新产品，或者您的客户切换到新操作系统...

Richard Critten 的回答 BTW 与此问题无关