如何配置通过 localhost 应用服务器发送电子邮件而无需身份验证？

Question

我已经在 config/initializers/ 下配置了 Rails 邮件程序，如下所示：

/config/initializers/setup_email.rb

config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true

  ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = {
   :address => "smtp.gmail.com",
   :port => 587,
   :domain => 'gmail.com',
   :authentication => :plain,
   :user_name=><username>,
   :password=><password>,
   :enable_starttls_auto => true
}

它工作正常，我可以发送电子邮件并接收它们。

但是如何配置它从本地主机发送电子邮件而无需身份验证（无需用户名和密码），即不使用gmail，而是通过应用程序的本地服务器发送电子邮件，那么如何配置呢？

---编辑--- 使用 localhost 时，我得到的错误信息是：

Connection refused - connect(2)
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/net/smtp.rb:551:in `initialize'
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/net/smtp.rb:551:in `open'
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/net/smtp.rb:551:in `do_start'
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/timeout.rb:67:in `timeout'
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/timeout.rb:101:in `timeout'
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/net/smtp.rb:551:in `do_start'
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/net/smtp.rb:525:in `start'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@myapp/gems/mail-2.2.15/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:127:in `deliver!'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@myapp/gems/mail-2.2.15/lib/mail/message.rb:1967:in `do_delivery'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@myapp/gems/mail-2.2.15/lib/mail/message.rb:228:in `deliver'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionmailer-3.0.3/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:401:in `deliver_mail'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/messages.rb:52:in `instrument'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/messages/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/messages.rb:52:in `instrument'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionmailer-3.0.3/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:399:in `deliver_mail'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@myapp/gems/mail-2.2.15/lib/mail/message.rb:228:in `deliver'
/home/user1/myapp/app/mailers/my_mailer.rb:9:in `new_car_messages'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:151:in `send_action'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:151:in `process_action'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:120:in `process'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:40:in `process'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionmailer-3.0.3/lib/action_mailer/old_api.rb:75:in `process'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionmailer-3.0.3/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:446:in `process'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionmailer-3.0.3/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:441:in `initialize'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionmailer-3.0.3/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:425:in `new'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/actionmailer-3.0.3/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:425:in `method_missing'
/home/user1/myapp/config/../lib/my/new_car_sender.rb:7:in `send_email'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/relation.rb:13:in `each'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/relation.rb:13:in `__send__'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/relation.rb:13:in `each'
/home/user1/myapp/config/../lib/my/new_car_sender.rb:6:in `send_email'
/home/user1/myapp/lib/tasks/new_car_messages.rake:8
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:636:in `call'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:636:in `execute'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:631:in `each'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:631:in `execute'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:597:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/user1/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p330/lib/ruby/1.8/monitor.rb:242:in `synchronize'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:590:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:583:in `invoke'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2051:in `invoke_task'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2029:in `top_level'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2029:in `each'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2029:in `top_level'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2068:in `standard_exception_handling'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2023:in `top_level'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2001:in `run'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2068:in `standard_exception_handling'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:1998:in `run'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/gems/rake-0.8.7/bin/rake:31
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/bin/rake:19:in `load'
/home/user1/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p330@global/bin/rake:19

Answer 1

如果您已经设置了本地 SMTP 服务器，那么您应该只提供连接详细信息：

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
    :address              => "localhost",
    :port                 => 25
}

您应该在 config/environments/*.rb 文件中包含它。

Answer 2

为了发送电子邮件，您需要设置一个 smtp 服务器。它可以在本地设置，也可以使用 Gmail、SendGrid 或 Mandrill 等远程服务。在您的情况下，我建议使用mailcatcher。

来自文档：

如何

1. gem install mailcatcher
2. 邮递员
3. 转到http://localhost:1080/
4. 通过smtp://localhost:1025发送邮件

导轨

要设置您的 rails 应用程序，我建议将其添加到您的 环境/development.rb：

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = { :address => "localhost", :port => 1025 }

Answer 3

如果您正在从 localhost 测试电子邮件功能，则首先确定您是否安装了 sendmail 并正常工作，如果没有，则在终端中运行此命令：

sudo apt-get install sendmail

安装后尝试发送电子邮件..因为配置看起来不错..

Answer 4

将letter_opener gem 添加到Gemfile 中的development gem 组。

将这些行添加到development.rb:

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :letter_opener
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "localhost, port: 3000" }

您应该会在浏览器中看到触发的电子邮件弹出，而无需运行 STMP 服务器或身份验证。

Chrome 中的电子邮件：

Answer 5

添加 'enable_starttls_auto: false' 选项为我解决了问题。

这是我的配置（..\config\environments\development.rb）：

config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
  address:  'localhost',
  port:     25,
  domain:   'exmaple.com',
      enable_starttls_auto: false
}

ruby 2.2.3p173 (2015-08-18 revision 51636) [x64-mingw32]
Rails 4.2.5`

Answer 6

甚至更短： 根本没有入口。 localhost 和端口号都是默认值。

我在 config/development.rb 中的当前配置：

#config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'localhost' }

当我使用远程 smtp 主机时，我保留它的注释以记住要更改的位置。

编辑（因为我没有足够的声誉来评论正确的帖子）： 我看到您对@HakonB 的帖子的评论说您收到“连接被拒绝 - 连接（2）”。您可以访问本地主机上的邮件服务器日志吗？我认为您应该在那里寻找有关如何解决此问题的提示。

Answer 7

好吧，你可以：

sudo apt-get install sendmail

然后修改配置为：

ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method = :sendmail

最后，您会发现大多数电子邮件服务都会阻止您的主机（避免垃圾邮件的策略）。