我是“Android-App-Dev”-Scene 的新手，有一个问题：
如何轻松地为我的应用制作一个外观整洁的设置页面？
上面有一些标题和一些大按钮，您可以通过标签转到新页面。
我正在使用 Android Studio 并且知道如何创建新页面、类等。
【问题讨论】：
标签： java android android-studio settings
截至 2019 年，推荐的方法是使用 AndroidX Preference Library。
PreferenceActivity 实际上在 API 级别 29 (source) 中已被弃用：
此类在 API 级别 29 中已弃用。 使用 AndroidX 首选项库在所有设备上实现一致的行为。有关使用 AndroidX 首选项库的更多信息，请参阅设置。
有关工作的最小示例，请参阅官方文档中的this 示例。
【讨论】：
来自开发者网站的示例代码：
public class PreferenceWithHeaders extends PreferenceActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Add a button to the header list.
if (hasHeaders()) {
Button button = new Button(this);
button.setText("Some action");
setListFooter(button);
}
}
/**
* Populate the activity with the top-level headers.
*/
@Override
public void onBuildHeaders(List<Header> target) {
loadHeadersFromResource(R.xml.preference_headers, target);
}
/**
* This fragment shows the preferences for the first header.
*/
public static class Prefs1Fragment extends PreferenceFragment {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Make sure default values are applied. In a real app, you would
// want this in a shared function that is used to retrieve the
// SharedPreferences wherever they are needed.
PreferenceManager.setDefaultValues(getActivity(),
R.xml.advanced_preferences, false);
// Load the preferences from an XML resource
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.fragmented_preferences);
}
}
/**
* This fragment contains a second-level set of preference that you
* can get to by tapping an item in the first preferences fragment.
*/
public static class Prefs1FragmentInner extends PreferenceFragment {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Can retrieve arguments from preference XML.
Log.i("args", "Arguments: " + getArguments());
// Load the preferences from an XML resource
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.fragmented_preferences_inner);
}
}
/**
* This fragment shows the preferences for the second header.
*/
public static class Prefs2Fragment extends PreferenceFragment {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Can retrieve arguments from headers XML.
Log.i("args", "Arguments: " + getArguments());
// Load the preferences from an XML resource
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preference_dependencies);
}
}
}
preference_headers 资源描述了要显示的标题以及与它们关联的片段。它是：
<header android:fragment="com.example.android.apis.preference.PreferenceWithHeaders$Prefs1Fragment"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_applications"
android:title="Prefs 1"
android:summary="An example of some preferences." />
<header android:fragment="com.example.android.apis.preference.PreferenceWithHeaders$Prefs2Fragment"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_display"
android:title="Prefs 2"
android:summary="Some other preferences you can see.">
<!-- Arbitrary key/value pairs can be included with a header as
arguments to its fragment. -->
<extra android:name="someKey" android:value="someHeaderValue" />
</header>
<header android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_display"
android:title="Intent"
android:summary="Launches an Intent.">
<intent android:action="android.intent.action.VIEW"
android:data="http://www.android.com" />
</header>
第一个标头由 Prefs1Fragment 显示，它从以下 XML 资源填充自身：
<PreferenceCategory
android:title="@string/inline_preferences">
<CheckBoxPreference
android:key="checkbox_preference"
android:title="@string/title_checkbox_preference"
android:summary="@string/summary_checkbox_preference" />
</PreferenceCategory>
<PreferenceCategory
android:title="@string/dialog_based_preferences">
<EditTextPreference
android:key="edittext_preference"
android:title="@string/title_edittext_preference"
android:summary="@string/summary_edittext_preference"
android:dialogTitle="@string/dialog_title_edittext_preference" />
<ListPreference
android:key="list_preference"
android:title="@string/title_list_preference"
android:summary="@string/summary_list_preference"
android:entries="@array/entries_list_preference"
android:entryValues="@array/entryvalues_list_preference"
android:dialogTitle="@string/dialog_title_list_preference" />
</PreferenceCategory>
<PreferenceCategory
android:title="@string/launch_preferences">
<!-- This PreferenceScreen tag sends the user to a new fragment of
preferences. If running in a large screen, they can be embedded
inside of the overall preferences UI. -->
<PreferenceScreen
android:fragment="com.example.android.apis.preference.PreferenceWithHeaders$Prefs1FragmentInner"
android:title="@string/title_fragment_preference"
android:summary="@string/summary_fragment_preference">
<!-- Arbitrary key/value pairs can be included for fragment arguments -->
<extra android:name="someKey" android:value="somePrefValue" />
</PreferenceScreen>
<!-- This PreferenceScreen tag sends the user to a completely different
activity, switching out of the current preferences UI. -->
<PreferenceScreen
android:title="@string/title_intent_preference"
android:summary="@string/summary_intent_preference">
<intent android:action="android.intent.action.VIEW"
android:data="http://www.android.com" />
</PreferenceScreen>
</PreferenceCategory>
<PreferenceCategory
android:title="@string/preference_attributes">
<CheckBoxPreference
android:key="parent_checkbox_preference"
android:title="@string/title_parent_preference"
android:summary="@string/summary_parent_preference" />
<!-- The visual style of a child is defined by this styled theme attribute. -->
<CheckBoxPreference
android:key="child_checkbox_preference"
android:dependency="parent_checkbox_preference"
android:layout="?android:attr/preferenceLayoutChild"
android:title="@string/title_child_preference"
android:summary="@string/summary_child_preference" />
</PreferenceCategory>
请注意，此 XML 资源包含一个包含另一个片段的首选项屏幕，即此处实现的 Prefs1FragmentInner。这允许用户遍历偏好层次结构；按下后退会将每个片段从堆栈中弹出以返回到先前的首选项。
有关实现片段本身的信息，请参阅 PreferenceFragment。
【讨论】：