日期范围之间的 SQL 返回错误结果

【问题标题】：SQL between date range returning a wrong result日期范围之间的 SQL 返回错误结果
【发布时间】：2020-02-28 22:19:03
【问题描述】：

我正在编写一个 SQL 查询来获取日期范围格式之间的行：mm/dd/yyyy

我使用了between 运算符，但结果显示超出日期范围

Select Internship_StartDate1
From [Media_BPM].[dbo].[BP_UGME]
Where TrainingType = 'Medical Internship Training'
  and Internship_StartDate1 Between '01/%/2020%'  AND '06/%/2020%'
Order By Internship_StartDate1 desc

预期结果：仅限 2020 年日期

实际结果是：

Internship_StartDate1
05/16/2018
05/06/2018
05/05/2019
05/05/2019
05/02/2019
05/02/2019
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【问题讨论】：

  • Between '01/%/2020%' AND '06/%/2020%' 将不起作用，因为 'between - and' 语句需要数据类型日期

标签： sql sql-server


【解决方案1】：

我假设您使用 SQL Server。
也许您认为% 在这种情况下是一个通配符，表示任何字符，但事实并非如此。
您可以将% 与运算符LIKE 一起使用，但不能与BETWEEN 一起使用。
使用函数FORMAT()：

Select Internship_StartDate1 
from [Media_BPM].[dbo].[BP_UGME] 
where TrainingType = 'Medical Internship Training' 
AND FORMAT(Internship_StartDate1, 'yyyyMM') Between '202001' AND '202006' 
Order By Internship_StartDate1 desc

【讨论】：

  • 感谢答案，我明白了，但是当我使用 format() 时出现此错误“参数数据类型 nvarchar(max) 对格式函数的参数 1 无效。”
  • Internship_StartDate1 的数据类型是什么？你也使用 SQL Server 吗？
  • 是的，使用 SQL Server 2014 Management ,, Internship_StartDate1 的数据类型是 nvarchar
  • 然后把FORMAT(Internship_StartDate1, 'yyyyMM')改成FORMAT(convert(date, Internship_StartDate1, 101), 'yyyyMM')
  • 或者把FORMAT(Internship_StartDate1, 'yyyyMM')写成RIGHT(Internship_StartDate1, 4) + LEFT(Internship_StartDate1, 2)。
【解决方案2】：

您显然将LIKE 通配符与其他比较混淆了。 '%' 仅适用于 LIKE 和 NOT LIKE。

更重要的是，在日期上使用日期比较！这对于优化非常重要。你应该把你的条件写成：

select Internship_StartDate1
from [Media_BPM].[dbo].[BP_UGME]
where TrainingType = 'Medical Internship Training' and
      Internship_StartDate1 >= '2020-01-01' and
      Internship_StartDate1 < '2020-07-01'
order by Internship_StartDate1 desc;

此类比较无需将日期转换为字符串。直接比较允许：

  • 将日期转换为字符串会在处理的每一行上产生开销。
  • 查询优化器选择适当的索引（如果可用）。
  • 查询优化器选择适当的分区（如果有）。
  • 查询优化器选择合适的算法，因为大小统计可能更准确。

【讨论】：

    【解决方案3】：

    我只想补充一点，我最终在我的 SQL 代码中使用了 YYYYMMDD，因为这（似乎）即使没有格式化也总是有效，相​​信我在 MDY（MS 默认）与 DMY（例如德国）很多。因此，对于 2020 年全年，我会这样搜索：

    select Internship_StartDate1 
  from Media_BPM.dbo.BP_UGME
 where TrainingType = 'Medical Internship Training' and
       --  first and last time tick in 2020
       Internship_StartDate1 between '20200101' and '20201231 23:59:59.997'
 order by Internship_StartDate1 desc

    【讨论】：

      【解决方案4】：

      只需设置日期时间的格式

       SELECT Internship_StartDate1 from [Media_BPM].[dbo].[BP_UGME]
 WHERE TrainingType = 'Medical Internship Training'
 AND YEAR(CONVERT(date, Internship_StartDate1,103)) BETWEEN '2019' AND '2020'
 ORDER BY Internship_StartDate1 desc

      【讨论】：

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