如何在 Swift 中使用包含多个值的查询参数构建 URL？

Question

我在我的 iOS 应用程序中使用 AFNetworking，对于它发出的所有 GET 请求，我从基本 URL 构建 url，然后使用 NSDictionary 键值对添加参数。

问题是我需要为不同的值使用相同的键。

这是我需要最终 URL 的示例 -

http://example.com/.....&id=21212&id=21212&id=33232

在 NSDictionary 中不可能在同一个键中有不同的值。所以我尝试了 NSSet 但没有成功。

let productIDSet: Set = [prodIDArray]
let paramDict = NSMutableDictionary()
paramDict.setObject(productIDSet, forKey: "id")

Answer 1

您只需要URLComponents（或Obj-C 中的NSURLComponents）。基本思想是为您的 id 创建一堆查询项。以下是您可以粘贴到 Playground 的代码：

import Foundation
import XCPlayground

let queryItems = [URLQueryItem(name: "id", value: "1"), URLQueryItem(name: "id", value: "2")]
var urlComps = URLComponents(string: "www.apple.com/help")!
urlComps.queryItems = queryItems
let result = urlComps.url!
print(result)

你应该看到输出

www.apple.com/help?id=1&id=2

Answer 2

方法一

它可以将 QueryItem 添加到您现有的 URL。

extension URL {

    func appending(_ queryItem: String, value: String?) -> URL {

        guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(string: absoluteString) else { return absoluteURL }

        // Create array of existing query items
        var queryItems: [URLQueryItem] = urlComponents.queryItems ??  []

        // Create query item
        let queryItem = URLQueryItem(name: queryItem, value: value)

        // Append the new query item in the existing query items array
        queryItems.append(queryItem)

        // Append updated query items array in the url component object
        urlComponents.queryItems = queryItems

        // Returns the url from new url components
        return urlComponents.url!
    }
}

如何使用

var url = URL(string: "https://www.example.com")!
let finalURL = url.appending("test", value: "123")
                  .appending("test2", value: nil)

方法二

此方法会自动更新网址。

extension URL {

    mutating func appendQueryItem(name: String, value: String?) {

        guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(string: absoluteString) else { return }

        // Create array of existing query items
        var queryItems: [URLQueryItem] = urlComponents.queryItems ??  []

        // Create query item
        let queryItem = URLQueryItem(name: name, value: value)

        // Append the new query item in the existing query items array
        queryItems.append(queryItem)

        // Append updated query items array in the url component object
        urlComponents.queryItems = queryItems

        // Returns the url from new url components
        self = urlComponents.url!
    }
}

// How to use
var url = URL(string: "https://www.example.com")!
url.appendQueryItem(name: "name", value: "bhuvan")

Answer 3

func queryString(_ value: String, params: [String: String]) -> String? {    
    var components = URLComponents(string: value)
    components?.queryItems = params.map { element in URLQueryItem(name: element.key, value: element.value) }

    return components?.url?.absoluteString
}

Answer 4

附加查询项的 URL 扩展，类似于 Bhuvan Bhatt 的想法，但具有不同的签名：

• 它可以检测故障（通过返回 nil 而不是 self），从而允许自定义处理 URL 不符合 RFC 3986 的情况。
• 它允许 nil 值，实际上是将任何查询项作为参数传递。
• 为了提高性能，它允许一次传递多个查询项。

extension URL {
    /// Returns a new URL by adding the query items, or nil if the URL doesn't support it.
    /// URL must conform to RFC 3986.
    func appending(_ queryItems: [URLQueryItem]) -> URL? {
        guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: self, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true) else {
            // URL is not conforming to RFC 3986 (maybe it is only conforming to RFC 1808, RFC 1738, and RFC 2732)
            return nil
        }
        // append the query items to the existing ones
        urlComponents.queryItems = (urlComponents.queryItems ?? []) + queryItems

        // return the url from new url components
        return urlComponents.url
    }
}

用法

let url = URL(string: "https://example.com/...")!
let queryItems = [URLQueryItem(name: "id", value: nil),
                  URLQueryItem(name: "id", value: "22"),
                  URLQueryItem(name: "id", value: "33")]
let newUrl = url.appending(queryItems)!
print(newUrl)

输出：

https://example.com/...?id&id=22&id=33

Answer 5

2019

private func tellServerSomething(_ d: String, _ s: String) {
    
    var c = URLComponents(string: "https://you.com/info")
    c?.queryItems = [
        URLQueryItem(name: "description", value: d),
        URLQueryItem(name: "summary", value: s)
    ]
    guard let u = c?.url else { return print("url fail") }
    do {
        let r = try String(contentsOf: u)
        print("Server response \(r)")
    }
    catch { return print("comms fail") }
}

百分比编码和其他一切都得到处理。

Answer 6

在具有多个参数的 Swift Forming URL 中

func rateConversionURL(with array: [String]) -> URL? {
            var components = URLComponents()
            components.scheme = "https"
            components.host = "example.com"
            components.path = "/hello/"
            components.queryItems = array.map { URLQueryItem(name: "value", value: $0)}

        return components.url
    }

Answer 7

帮帮我

斯威夫特 5**

let url = URL(string: "https://example.com")
let path = "/somePath?"
let urlWithPath = url?.appendingPathComponent(path).absoluteString.removingPercentEncoding
print(urlWithPath!)

Answer 8

我猜你只需要这样做：

let params = ["id" : [1, 2, 3, 4], ...];

将被编码为： ....id%5B%5D=1&id%5B%5D=2&id%5B%5D=3&id%5B%5D=4....