MySQL：如何使用 ORDER BY 中使用的列的索引来防止文件排序

Question

我正在尝试针对当前非常慢的查询优化 MySQL 数据库：

SELECT  Listing.*,  PrimaryPhoto.* 
 FROM listings AS Listing  
 LEFT JOIN file_storage AS PrimaryPhoto  
 ON (PrimaryPhoto.foreign_key  =  Listing.ID  
 AND  PrimaryPhoto.model  = 'PrimaryListingPhoto') 
 WHERE  Listing.rent  >= 0 
 AND  Listing.rent  <= 5000 
 AND  Listing.beds  >= 1 
 AND  Listing.is_active  = '1' 
 ORDER BY Listing.modified  DESC

我在listings 表中添加了几个索引... ...这是file_storage 表的索引... ...但它仍然很慢！运行 20 多秒。

EXPLAIN 告诉我 filesort 正在被使用：

我认为我可以通过为 WHERE 和 ORDER BY 子句中提到的所有 4 列添加索引来防止 filesort。但它没有奏效。

我做错了吗？或者，也许我正在寻找错误的地方来加速这个查询。

更新 这是两个表的架构：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `listings` ( `ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'ID of user who owns this listing', `title` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL COMMENT 'Street address (w/o postal code)', `lat` decimal(10,8) DEFAULT NULL, `lng` decimal(11,8) DEFAULT NULL, `postal_code` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `description` text COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `rent` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Monthly rental price in CAD', `lease_length` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '# of months of lease', `date_available` date DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Day the listing is available', `neighborhood_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `beds` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '# of bedrooms', `baths` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '# of bathrooms', `sq_ft` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '# of square footage', `fridge` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `stove` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `dishwasher` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `ac` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `furnished` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `laundry` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `balcony` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `patio` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `yard` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `pool` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `doorman` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `security` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `gym` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `parking` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `wheelchair` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, `inc_heat` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'does the rent include heat?', `inc_water` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'doest the rent include water?', `inc_internet` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'does the rent include internet?', `inc_cable` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'does the rent include cable?', `cats` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'are cats allowed?', `small_dogs` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'are small dogs allowed?', `big_dogs` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'are big dogs allowed?', `is_active` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT 'is the listing active?', `is_hot` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'hot list', `source_url` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `source_email` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `created` datetime NOT NULL, `modified` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`), KEY `user_id` (`user_id`), KEY `is_active` (`is_active`), KEY `rent` (`rent`), KEY `rent_beds_is_active` (`rent`,`beds`,`is_active`), KEY `modified` (`modified`), KEY `rent_beds_active_modified` (`rent`,`beds`,`is_active`,`modified`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci AUTO_INCREMENT=3012 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `file_storage` ( `id` varchar(36) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `user_id` varchar(36) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `foreign_key` varchar(36) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `model` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `filename` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `filesize` int(16) DEFAULT NULL, `mime_type` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `extension` varchar(5) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `hash` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `path` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `adapter` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Gaufrette Storage Adapter Class', `created` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `modified` datetime DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `foreign_key` (`foreign_key`), KEY `model_foreign_key` (`model`,`foreign_key`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

Answer 1

这是您的查询：

SELECT  Listing.*,  PrimaryPhoto.* 
FROM listings AS Listing LEFT JOIN
     file_storage AS PrimaryPhoto  
     ON PrimaryPhoto.foreign_key  =  Listing.ID  AND 
        PrimaryPhoto.model  = 'PrimaryListingPhoto'
WHERE Listing.rent >= 0 AND  Listing.rent  <= 5000 AND
      Listing.beds  >= 1 AND
      Listing.is_active  = '1' 
ORDER BY Listing.modified  DESC

试试这个复合索引（键的顺序很重要）：Listing(beds, is_active, modified, rent)。 where 上的完整索引（即beds, is_active, rent) 对order by 没有帮助。这个可能。另外，您需要file_storage(foreign_key, model) 上的索引。

Answer 2

删除 PrimaryPhoto.model 上的索引并删除连接将其添加到 where 子句。您的查询应如下所示：

SELECT  Listing.*,  PrimaryPhoto.* 
 FROM listings AS Listing  
 LEFT JOIN file_storage AS PrimaryPhoto  
 ON PrimaryPhoto.foreign_key  =  Listing.ID
 WHERE  Listing.rent  >= 0 
 AND  Listing.rent  <= 5000 
 AND  Listing.beds  >= 1 
 AND  Listing.is_active  = '1' 
 AND  PrimaryPhoto.model  = 'PrimaryListingPhoto'
 ORDER BY Listing.modified  DESC

也尽量不要选择*，只选择必要的列。