SQL 截断数据库？如何截断所有表格答案

【问题标题】：SQL TRUNCATE DATABASE ? How to TRUNCATE ALL TABLESSQL 截断数据库？如何截断所有表格
【发布时间】：2011-08-27 02:28:24
【问题描述】：

我使用 SQL Server 2008 R2。

是否有一个 SQL 命令可以清空数据库，而不必截断我的所有 20 个表？

我只想删除数据而不是结构。

【问题讨论】：

虽然是一个有效的问题，但显然任何答案都会涉及到一个危险的实体（例如存储过程）——上帝帮助那些意外运行它的人！

标签： database sql-server-2008 truncate

【解决方案1】：

转到数据库结构 -> 全选 -> 空

它将对所有表执行 TRUNCATE，只需点击 OK。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

因为我的目的是获得一个空版本的测试数据库，以便在一切都经过微调后从外部先前的当前活动源（Access 数据库）导入数据。我发现使用带有 Verify_CloneDB 选项的 DBCC CloneDatabase 非常合适。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

---- Remove Constraint ----
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable "ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all"

---- Delete Data ----
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable "DELETE FROM ?"

---- Add Constraint ----
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable "ALTER TABLE ? WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT all"

---- Reset Identity value ----
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable "DBCC CHECKIDENT ( '?', RESEED, 0)"

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

如果您只想截断特定架构中的所有表，也可以使用此存储过程：

-- =============================================
-- Author:      Ben de Ridder
-- Create date: 20160513
-- Description: Truncate all tables in schema
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE TruncateAllTablesInSchema
    @schema nvarchar(50)
AS
BEGIN
    -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
    -- interfering with SELECT statements.
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    DECLARE @table nVARCHAR(255)

    DECLARE db_cursor CURSOR FOR 
        select t.name
          from sys.tables t inner join
               sys.schemas s on 
                    t.schema_id=s.schema_id
         where s.name=@schema
         order by 1

    OPEN db_cursor   

    FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @table   

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0   
    BEGIN   
           declare @sql nvarchar(1000)

           set @sql = 'truncate table [' + @schema + '].[' + @table + ']'

           exec sp_sqlexec @sql

           FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @table   
    END   

    CLOSE db_cursor   
    DEALLOCATE db_cursor 

END
GO

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

没有废话脚本：

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'DBCC CHECKIDENT ( ''?'', RESEED, 0)'
GO

如果表中有外键，截断仍然不起作用。此脚本还将重置所有标识列。

【讨论】：

【解决方案6】：

执行这个

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'PRINT ''ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'''
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'print ''DELETE FROM ?'''
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'print ''ALTER TABLE ? WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT all'''

复制打印结果并将其粘贴到查询字段并执行后。它将截断所有表。

【讨论】：

【解决方案7】：

从 Boycs Answer 和 mtmurdock 的后续回答中得出一个观点，我在所有开发或暂存数据库中都有以下存储过程。如果我需要添加语句来重新植入某些列的数据，我已经添加了一些开关以满足我自己的要求。

（注意：我会将此添加为对 Boycs 出色答案的评论，但我还没有足够的声誉来做到这一点。所以请接受我的道歉，将其添加为一个全新的答案。）

ALTER PROCEDURE up_ResetEntireDatabase
@IncludeIdentReseed BIT,
@IncludeDataReseed BIT
AS

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'

IF @IncludeIdentReseed = 1
BEGIN
    EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DBCC CHECKIDENT (''?'' , RESEED, 1)'
END

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'

IF @IncludeDataReseed = 1
BEGIN
    -- Populate Core Data Table Here
END
GO

然后一旦准备好执行就很简单了：

EXEC up_ResetEntireDatabase 1, 1

【讨论】：

【解决方案8】：

提供的大多数解决方案要么不使用与 DELETE 不同的 TRUNCATE，要么不处理外键约束问题。 Chaitanya 提供的解决方案很接近，但它回退到使用 DELETE，并且它在存储过程中执行它，这似乎不适合您在数据库中对所有数据进行核对的情况。

所以，下面是我的变体，它确实使用了 TRUNCATE 并解决了外键约束问题。

    /* TRUNCATE ALL TABLES IN A DATABASE */

DECLARE @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable TABLE
        (
         DropStmt VARCHAR(MAX)
        ,CreateStmt VARCHAR(MAX)
        )
/* Gather information to drop and then recreate the current foreign key constraints  */
INSERT  @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable
        SELECT  DropStmt = 'ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableSchema
                + '].[' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableName + '] DROP CONSTRAINT ['
                + ForeignKeys.ForeignKeyName + ']; '
               ,CreateStmt = 'ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableSchema
                + '].[' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableName
                + '] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [' + ForeignKeys.ForeignKeyName
                + '] FOREIGN KEY([' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableColumn
                + ']) REFERENCES [' + SCHEMA_NAME(sys.objects.schema_id)
                + '].[' + sys.objects.[name] + ']([' + sys.columns.[name]
                + ']); '
        FROM    sys.objects
        INNER JOIN sys.columns
                ON ( sys.columns.[object_id] = sys.objects.[object_id] )
        INNER JOIN ( SELECT sys.foreign_keys.[name] AS ForeignKeyName
                           ,SCHEMA_NAME(sys.objects.schema_id) AS ForeignTableSchema
                           ,sys.objects.[name] AS ForeignTableName
                           ,sys.columns.[name] AS ForeignTableColumn
                           ,sys.foreign_keys.referenced_object_id AS referenced_object_id
                           ,sys.foreign_key_columns.referenced_column_id AS referenced_column_id
                     FROM   sys.foreign_keys
                     INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns
                            ON ( sys.foreign_key_columns.constraint_object_id = sys.foreign_keys.[object_id] )
                     INNER JOIN sys.objects
                            ON ( sys.objects.[object_id] = sys.foreign_keys.parent_object_id )
                     INNER JOIN sys.columns
                            ON ( sys.columns.[object_id] = sys.objects.[object_id] )
                               AND ( sys.columns.column_id = sys.foreign_key_columns.parent_column_id )
                   ) ForeignKeys
                ON ( ForeignKeys.referenced_object_id = sys.objects.[object_id] )
                   AND ( ForeignKeys.referenced_column_id = sys.columns.column_id )
        WHERE   ( sys.objects.[type] = 'U' )
                AND ( sys.objects.[name] NOT IN ( 'sysdiagrams' ) )

/* SELECT * FROM @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable AS DACCT */

DECLARE @DropStatement NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @RecreateStatement NVARCHAR(MAX)

/* Drop Constraints */
DECLARE C1 CURSOR READ_ONLY
FOR
        SELECT  DropStmt
        FROM    @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable
OPEN C1

FETCH NEXT FROM C1 INTO @DropStatement

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
      BEGIN
            PRINT 'Executing ' + @DropStatement
            EXECUTE sp_executesql @DropStatement
            FETCH NEXT FROM C1 INTO @DropStatement
      END
CLOSE C1
DEALLOCATE C1

/* Truncate all tables in the database in the dbo schema */
DECLARE @DeleteTableStatement NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE C2 CURSOR READ_ONLY
FOR
        SELECT  'TRUNCATE TABLE [dbo].[' + TABLE_NAME + ']'
        FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
        WHERE   TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
                AND TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
  /* Change your schema appropriately if you don't want to use dbo */
OPEN C2

FETCH NEXT FROM C2 INTO @DeleteTableStatement

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
      BEGIN
            PRINT 'Executing ' + @DeleteTableStatement
            EXECUTE sp_executesql @DeleteTableStatement
            FETCH NEXT FROM C2 INTO @DeleteTableStatement
      END
CLOSE C2
DEALLOCATE C2

/* Recreate foreign key constraints  */
DECLARE C3 CURSOR READ_ONLY
FOR
        SELECT  CreateStmt
        FROM    @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable
OPEN C3

FETCH NEXT FROM C3 INTO @RecreateStatement

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
      BEGIN
            PRINT 'Executing ' + @RecreateStatement
            EXECUTE sp_executesql @RecreateStatement
            FETCH NEXT FROM C3 INTO @RecreateStatement
      END
CLOSE C3
DEALLOCATE C3

GO

【讨论】：

戴夫，有没有办法在删除和重新创建外键时确定on delete 和on update 属性？如果我像您一样忽略它们，它们会恢复以前的设置吗？我有一些设置为cascade，一些设置为set null。
未来访问者请注意：他们可以在sys.foreign_keys 表中找到。 (Reference)

【解决方案9】：

DECLARE @nombre NVARCHAR(100)
DECLARE @tablas TABLE(nombre nvarchar(100))

INSERT INTO @tablas
SELECT t.TABLE_SCHEMA+ '.'+t.TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES T
DECLARE @contador INT=0

SELECT @contador=COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

WHILE @contador>0 
BEGIN
    SELECT TOP 1 @nombre=nombre FROM @tablas 
    DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(500)=''
    SET @sql =@sql+'Truncate table  '+@nombre
    EXEC (@sql)
    SELECT @sql
    SET @contador=@contador-1   
    DELETE TOP (1) @tablas 
END

【讨论】：

稍微描述一下您的查询？

【解决方案10】：

当您有外键关系时，接受的答案不太适用。在这种情况下，您必须删除约束并重新创建它们。下面是一个基于答案here

的存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[deleteAllDataFromAllTables] AS
SET NOCOUNT ON

    DECLARE @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable TABLE ( DropStmt varchar(max) , CreateStmt varchar(max) )

    insert @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable select
      DropStmt = 'ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableSchema + 
          '].[' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableName + 
          '] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + ForeignKeys.ForeignKeyName + ']; '
    ,  CreateStmt = 'ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableSchema + 
          '].[' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableName + 
          '] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [' +  ForeignKeys.ForeignKeyName + 
          '] FOREIGN KEY([' + ForeignKeys.ForeignTableColumn + 
          ']) REFERENCES [' + schema_name(sys.objects.schema_id) + '].[' +
      sys.objects.[name] + ']([' +
      sys.columns.[name] + ']); '
     from sys.objects
      inner join sys.columns
        on (sys.columns.[object_id] = sys.objects.[object_id])
      inner join (
        select sys.foreign_keys.[name] as ForeignKeyName
         ,schema_name(sys.objects.schema_id) as ForeignTableSchema
         ,sys.objects.[name] as ForeignTableName
         ,sys.columns.[name]  as ForeignTableColumn
         ,sys.foreign_keys.referenced_object_id as referenced_object_id
         ,sys.foreign_key_columns.referenced_column_id as referenced_column_id
         from sys.foreign_keys
          inner join sys.foreign_key_columns
            on (sys.foreign_key_columns.constraint_object_id
              = sys.foreign_keys.[object_id])
          inner join sys.objects
            on (sys.objects.[object_id]
              = sys.foreign_keys.parent_object_id)
            inner join sys.columns
              on (sys.columns.[object_id]
                = sys.objects.[object_id])
               and (sys.columns.column_id
                = sys.foreign_key_columns.parent_column_id)
        ) ForeignKeys
        on (ForeignKeys.referenced_object_id = sys.objects.[object_id])
         and (ForeignKeys.referenced_column_id = sys.columns.column_id)
     where (sys.objects.[type] = 'U')
      and (sys.objects.[name] not in ('sysdiagrams'))


    DECLARE @DropStatement nvarchar(max)
    DECLARE @RecreateStatement nvarchar(max)

    DECLARE C1 CURSOR READ_ONLY
    FOR
    SELECT DropStmt from @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable
    OPEN C1

    FETCH NEXT FROM C1 INTO @DropStatement

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
        PRINT 'Executing ' + @DropStatement
        execute sp_executesql @DropStatement
        FETCH NEXT FROM C1 INTO @DropStatement
    END
    CLOSE C1
    DEALLOCATE C1

    DECLARE @DeleteTableStatement nvarchar(max)
    DECLARE C2 CURSOR READ_ONLY
    FOR
    SELECT 'Delete From [dbo].[' + TABLE_NAME + ']' from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES 
        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo' -- Change your schema appropriately.
    OPEN C2

    FETCH NEXT FROM C2 INTO @DeleteTableStatement

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
        PRINT 'Executing ' + @DeleteTableStatement
        execute sp_executesql @DeleteTableStatement
        FETCH NEXT FROM C2 INTO  @DeleteTableStatement
    END
    CLOSE C2
    DEALLOCATE C2

    DECLARE C3 CURSOR READ_ONLY
    FOR
    SELECT CreateStmt from @dropAndCreateConstraintsTable
    OPEN C3

    FETCH NEXT FROM C3 INTO @RecreateStatement

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
        PRINT 'Executing ' + @RecreateStatement
        execute sp_executesql @RecreateStatement
        FETCH NEXT FROM C3 INTO  @RecreateStatement
    END
    CLOSE C3
    DEALLOCATE C3

GO

【讨论】：

【解决方案11】：

我用这个脚本

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable ‘ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL’
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable ‘DELETE FROM ?’
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable ‘ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL’
GO

【讨论】：

爱它。这很棒。我只会添加对dbcc checkident (?, RESEED, 1) 的调用以重置身份（对于那些具有身份的表）。
在 SQL Server 2012 中，我必须在存储的过程名称之后使用 @command1 = 并且必须在实际命令周围使用双引号而不是单引号。

【解决方案12】：

您可以像这样使用 sp_MSforeachtable 存储过程：

USE MyDatabase
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'TRUNCATE TABLE ?'

请注意，这将删除（通过截断）所有用户表中的所有数据。如果由于外键等原因无法截断，则可以像删除一样运行：

USE MyDatabase
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'DELETE FROM ?'

【讨论】：

如果任何表有外键，这将不起作用。这些将需要删除并重新创建（未禁用/启用）
@Martin 我在您的评论中同时添加了该信息:) 虽然您是对的，除非有级联更新/删除，否则您需要按正确的顺序删除。否则，正如您所提到的，它们必须事先被禁用。
同意，禁用它们将适用于DELETE，但不适用于TRUNCATE
多次运行怎么样？ :)
@cairnz 这不是一个很好的长期解决方案。如果您尝试自动化此过程，您可能永远不知道它需要提前运行多少次。为此，Boycs 的回答更为有效，因为它会禁用您的外键，清空表，然后重新启用它们的键。