MySQL 在 3 字节 utf-8 中编码 4 字节 - 字符串值不正确

Question

根据mysql documentation，它只支持最多 3 字节的 utf-8 unicode 编码。 我的问题是，如何替换数据库中需要 4 字节 utf-8 编码的字符？以及如何解码这些字符以准确显示用户写的内容？

部分集成测试：

description = u'baaam á ✓ ✌ ❤'
print description
test_convention = Blog.objects.create(title="test title",
                                            description=description,
                                            login=self.user,
                                            tag=self.tag)

错误：

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
baaam á ✓ ✌ ❤
E..
======================================================================
ERROR: test_post_blog (blogs.tests.PostTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/admin/Developer/project/pro/blogs/tests.py", line 64, in test_post_blog
    tag=self.tag)
  File "build/bdist.macosx-10.9-intel/egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 201, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "build/bdist.macosx-10.9-intel/egg/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorclass, errorvalue
DatabaseError: (1366, "Incorrect string value: '\\xE2\\x9C\\x93 \\xE2\\x9C...' for column 'description' at row 1")

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 1.383s

FAILED (errors=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

表的配置：

+----------------------------------+--------+---------+-------------------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name                             | Engine | Version | Collation         | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time         | Update_time | Check_time | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+----------------------------------+--------+---------+-------------------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| blogs_blog                       | InnoDB |      10 | utf8_general_ci   | Compact    |   25 |           1966 |       49152 |               0 |        32768 |         0 |             35 | 2014-02-09 00:57:59 | NULL        | NULL       |     NULL |                |         |
+----------------------------------+--------+---------+-------------------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+----------+----------------+---------+

更新：我已经将表和列配置从 utf-8 更改为 utf8mb4，但仍然出现相同的错误，有什么想法吗？

+----------------------------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+--------------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name                             | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time         | Update_time | Check_time | Collation          | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+----------------------------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+--------------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| blogs_blog                       | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |    5 |           3276 |       16384 |               0 |        32768 |         0 |             36 | 2014-02-17 22:24:18 | NULL        | NULL       | utf8mb4_general_ci |     NULL |                |         |
+----------------------------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+--------------------+----------+----------------+---------+

和：

+---------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field         | Type         | Collation          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | Privileges                      | Comment |
+---------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id            | int(11)      | NULL               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references |         |
| title         | varchar(500) | latin1_swedish_ci  | NO   |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| description   | longtext     | utf8mb4_general_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| creation_date | datetime     | NULL               | NO   |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| login_id      | int(11)      | NULL               | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| tag_id        | int(11)      | NULL               | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
+---------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+

Answer 1

支持，但不支持utf8。将以下内容添加到my.cnf 的[mysqld] 部分：

character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

创建数据库时，使用：

CREATE DATABASE xxxxx DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 DEFAULT COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

在CREATE TABLE 命令的末尾，添加：

ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;