当我的 virtualenv 有 python3.5 时，为什么 django 1.9 继续使用 python2.7？

【问题标题】：Why does django 1.9 keeps using python2.7 when my virtualenv have python3.5?当我的 virtualenv 有 python3.5 时，为什么 django 1.9 继续使用 python2.7？
【发布时间】：2016-09-20 16:54:13
【问题描述】：

我在使用 python 版本时遇到问题，我实际上是在 Windows 7 下使用 python3.5 开发网页。但是在我的服务器（CentOS 7）中，我使用 python3.5 创建了一个 virtualenv（因为 linux 中 python 的默认版本是2.7)。

问题是当我得到一个错误时，它说django正在使用python2.7：

Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://proyect/url/
Django Version: 1.9.8
Exception Type: UnicodeEncodeError
Exception Value:    
'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xed' in position 9: ordinal not in range(128)
Exception Location: /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/encoding.py in force_text, line 80
Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
Python Version: 2.7.5
Python Path:    
['/home/user/proyect',
 '/home/user/proyect_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages',
 '/usr/lib64/python27.zip',
 '/usr/lib64/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib64/python2.7/plat-linux2',
 '/usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages',
 '/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/gtk-2.0',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages']

我几乎 100% 确定会显示此消息，因为 django 使用了错误的 python 版本。

在我的 django.conf 里面 /etc/httpd/conf.d/ 我有这个配置：

WSGIDaemonProcess proyect python-path=/home/user/proyect:/home/user/proyect_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages
WSGIProcessGroup project
WSGIScriptAlias / /home/user/proyect/proyect/wsgi.py

我按照this 教程配置了我的服务器。

编辑#1 在遵循@Ixer 的指示后，我在 /etc/httpd/logs/error_log 中得到了这个错误回溯

7:49:05.114720 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676] mod_wsgi (pid=14836): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/user/proyect/proyect/wsgi.py'.
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114779 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114810 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 158, in __call__
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114862 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     self.load_middleware()
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114883 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 51, in load_middleware
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114910 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     mw_class = import_string(middleware_path)
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114926 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py", line 20, in import_string
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114951 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     module = import_module(module_path)
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114966 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.114991 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     __import__(name)
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115007 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/middleware.py", line 3, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115031 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     from django.contrib.auth.backends import RemoteUserBackend
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115046 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/backends.py", line 4, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115070 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115085 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115109 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115124 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 49, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115148 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115163 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 94, in __new__
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115187 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115203 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 239, in get_containing_app_config
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115226 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     self.check_apps_ready()
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115241 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
[Tue Sep 20 17:49:05.115263 2016] [:error] [pid 14836] [remote 10.105.40.106:49676]     raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")

编辑#2

问题已解决，情况是当我通过 pip install -r requirements.txt 安装应用程序时，由于某种原因，它们安装在 python 2.7 下（即使我获取了 virtualenv 激活）。所以我所做的是通过 /home/user/project_env/bin/pip install -r requirements 再次安装应用程序......这修复了错误，但现在我遇到了应用程序问题：

[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998172 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172] mod_wsgi (pid=18220): Target WSGI script '/home/user/project/project/wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module.
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998207 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172] mod_wsgi (pid=18220): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/rortega/smce/smce/wsgi.py'.
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998229 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998255 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project/project/wsgi.py", line 33, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998314 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     application = get_wsgi_application()
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998326 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 13, in get_wsgi_application
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998362 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     django.setup()
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998372 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998406 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998417 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 85, in populate
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998516 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998527 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 90, in create
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998590 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     module = import_module(entry)
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998601 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998637 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     __import__(name)
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998647 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/stdimage/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998676 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     from .models import StdImageField  # NOQA
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998686 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/stdimage/models.py", line 14, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998751 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     from PIL import Image, ImageOps
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.998761 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]   File "/home/user/project_env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 67, in <module>
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.999163 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172]     from PIL import _imaging as core
[Tue Sep 20 21:34:49.999185 2016] [:error] [pid 18220] [remote 10.105.40.106:172] ImportError: cannot import name _imaging

【问题讨论】：

  • 您是否将 Web 服务器配置为从您的 virtualenv 运行 python 而不是系统默认的 python？
  • @JohnGordon，我使用我的 virtualenv python 所做的唯一配置是我在 /etc/httpd/conf.d/django.conf 中的配置...我还缺少什么吗？跨度>
  • 第二个错误，看看这个：stackoverflow.com/questions/25340698/…
  • 你成功了吗？@lzuzvo
  • @FavorMylikes，是的，我做到了。 This solution 帮助了我。诀窍在于构建 Python 和 mod_wsgi。

标签： python django apache mod-wsgi centos7


【解决方案1】：

您需要从 Python 3 的源代码重建 mod_wsgi。

下载 mod_wsgi。打开包装。

tar xvfz mod_wsgi-X.Y.tar.gz

为 Python 3.5 配置：

./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \
  --with-python=/path/to/python3.5

制作和安装：

make
make install

但建议使用 Nginx/Uwsgi 或 Nginx/Gunicorn。 python2和python3的配置都很容易。

【讨论】：

  • Thanx @Zulfugar，我尝试重建 mod_wsgi 并在这里发布结果......我想使用 Nginx，但我在配置它时遇到了更多问题，而且我有这个项目的时间限制 (;_ ;)
【解决方案2】：

该手册似乎不对，因为它没有说明如何在服务器上使用 virtualenv。即使 apache 配置的最后一行指向一个 wsgi 配置，它也没有解释其中应该包含什么。

试试这样的：

#/home/user/project/project/wsgi.py

import os
import sys
import site

# Add the site-packages of the chosen virtualenv to work with
site.addsitedir('~/.virtualenvs/myprojectenv/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages')

# Add the app's directory to the PYTHONPATH
sys.path.append('/home/django_projects/MyProject')
sys.path.append('/home/django_projects/MyProject/myproject')

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'

# Activate your virtual env
activate_env=os.path.expanduser("~/.virtualenvs/myprojectenv/bin/activate_this.py")
execfile(activate_env, dict(__file__=activate_env))

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

【讨论】：

  • 感谢您的解释。但是现在我在 wsgi.py 中有一个错误：... execfile(activate_env, dict(__file__=activate_env)) 在激活文件上调用一个错误：... 第 4 行的语法错误：deactivate() {
  • 没关系，我找到了解决方案here
  • 好的。我看到它需要 activate_this.py 文件。还是修好了。
  • 它一直在使用python2.7，将httpd error_log的回溯放在编辑#1中
  • 您将继续遇到错误。您的 mod_wsgi 是为 Python 2.7 编译的。您不能简单地将其指向使用 Python 3.5 的虚拟环境。这是行不通的。您必须使用 Python 2.7 卸载 mod_wsgi 并从为 Python 3.5 编译的包或源代码重新安装 mod_wsgi。
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