【发布时间】：2014-10-24 00:24:45
【问题描述】：
我尝试使用 rvm 安装 ruby，但由于 apt-get update 的问题而失败。我发现这是由 etc/apt 目录中的 sources.list 文件的问题引起的。我尝试使用这个http://blog.ubuntu-tweak.com/guide/how-to-fix-the-source-list-files 来理解和修复我的源文件。当我从 sources.list 中删除“坏行”时，已经没有任何行了。在这一点上，我能够成功 apt-get update，但 rvm install ruby 仍然失败，因为它现在无法找到必要的依赖项。我开始考虑全新安装，因为我不知道还能做什么，但我想我会先在这里寻求帮助。
sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 13.04 _Raring Ringtail_ - Release amd64 (20130424)]/ raring main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu raring partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu raring partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
控制台输出
erik@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release.gpg
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring Release.gpg
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates Release.gpg
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security Release
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring Release
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main amd64 Packages
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main i386 Packages
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Translation-en
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Translation-en
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Translation-en
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-en
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Translation-en
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe Translation-en
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
【问题讨论】：