我会说
awk -F, 'NR == 1 { split($0, headers); next } { for(i = 1; i <= NF; ++i) { print headers[i]; print $i } }' filename
那是
NR == 1 { # in the first line
split($0, headers) # remember the headers
next # do nothing else
}
{ # after that:
for(i = 1; i <= NF; ++i) { # for all fields:
print headers[i] # print the corresponding header
print $i # followed by the field
}
}
附录:强制性的、疯狂的 sed 解决方案(不推荐用于生产用途;为娱乐而非盈利而编写):
sed 's/$/,/; 1 { h; d; }; G; :a s/\([^,]*\),\([^\n]*\n\)\([^,]*\),\(.*\)/\2\4\n\3\n\1/; ta; s/^\n\n//' filename
工作原理如下:
s/$/,/ # Add a comma to all lines for more convenient processing
1 { h; d; } # first line: Just put it in the hold buffer
G # all other lines: Append hold bufffer (header fields) to the
# pattern space
:a # jump label for looping
# isolate the first fields from the data and header lines,
# move them to the end of the pattern space
s/\([^,]*\),\([^\n]*\n\)\([^,]*\),\(.*\)/\2\4\n\3\n\1/
ta # do this until we got them all
s/^\n\n// # then remove the two newlines that are left as an artifact of
# the algorithm.