将矩阵行中的字符串转换为具有行和列的矩阵，将字符串中的数字转换为整数

Question

我将 excel 中的工作表保存为 csv 格式。并用代码在python中导入数据后：

import csv
with open('45deg_marbles.csv', 'r') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f,dialect='excel')
    basis = []
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

输出：

['1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16']
['0.001;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363']
['0.002;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363;11.00127363']
['0.003;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283;10.94525283']

基本上它有 16 列和 1399 行。我意识到每一行都由一个长字符串组成，然后我替换了所有的 ';'使用 ',' 这将有助于将字符串列转换为矩阵，我可以使用该矩阵来操作数据。现在我最终得到一个矩阵，或者更确切地说是包含所有字符串的一行列表。到目前为止，这分别是我在代码和输出方面所拥有的：

import csv
with open('45deg_marbles.csv', 'r') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f,dialect='excel')
    basis = []
    for row in reader:
        #print(row)

        for i in range(len(row)):
            new_row = (row[i].replace(';', ','))
            basis.append(new_row)

print(basis)


>> ['1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16', '0.001,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363', '0.002,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363', '0.003,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', '0.004,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', '0.005,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', '0.006,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', '0.007,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', '0.008,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', '0.009,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', '0.01,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283', ... , '1.396,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0', '1.397,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0', '1.398,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0']

但这是我想要的矩阵形式，等于：

[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16],[0.001,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363],[0.002,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363,11.00127363], [0.003,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283,10.94525283]]

为了对数据进行操作

我将非常感谢任何帮助。提前谢谢你。

Answer 1

将分隔符更改为分号（默认为逗号，此处不起作用，因为您的输入数据中有分号）（我认为您可以省略dialect='excel' 部分）

import csv

with open('45deg_marbles.csv', 'r') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f,dialect='excel',delimiter=";")
    basis = list(reader)

现在basis 是包含文本数据的行列表。

但您希望它们为整数/浮点数。所以你必须做更多的后处理：如果它是一个整数（负整数也可以），列表理解转换为整数，否则转换为浮点数（如果有字母数字行，当然需要添加另一个测试，但这里不是这种情况)

import csv,re
intre = re.compile(r"-?\d+$")

with open('45deg_marbles.csv', 'r') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f,dialect='excel',delimiter=";")
    basis = []
    for row in reader:
        basis.append([int(x) if intre.match(x) else float(x) for x in row])

print(basis)

结果

[[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16], [0.001, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363], [0.002, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363, 11.00127363], [0.003, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283, 10.94525283]]

请注意，如果整数保证为正数，则有一个变体。保存正则表达式评估：

basis.append([int(x) if x.isdigit() else float(x) for x in row])

Answer 2

你需要做的是

for row in reader:
    basis.append(row.split(';'))

你做错的是你替换';'使用逗号 ',' 这不会从字符串中创建列表，只是替换此字符串中的符号。虽然您应该将字符串拆分为元素。