Google App Engine - 连接到 MySql 数据库 - 意外的关键字参数“用户”

Question

我正在阅读 Google Developers Academy 在此页面上的 App Engine 教程：https://developers.google.com/appengine/training/cloud-sql/application_with_local_mysql

这是关于使用本地 MySQL 实例构建留言簿应用程序。我运行教程$ app_engine_sdk_path/dev_appserver.py --mysql_socket=mysql_socket_path . 末尾给出的 dev_appserver 命令，将这两个路径替换为我计算机中的实际路径。之后，终端输出看起来不错：

INFO     2013-10-16 05:30:54,815 sdk_update_checker.py:245] Checking for updates to the     SDK.
INFO     2013-10-16 05:30:55,025 sdk_update_checker.py:273] The SDK is up to date.
WARNING  2013-10-16 05:30:55,066 api_server.py:332] Could not initialize images API; you are likely missing the Python "PIL" module.
INFO     2013-10-16 05:30:55,072 api_server.py:139] Starting API server at: http://localhost:50138
INFO     2013-10-16 05:30:55,076 dispatcher.py:171] Starting module "default" running at: http://localhost:8080
INFO     2013-10-16 05:30:55,081 admin_server.py:117] Starting admin server at: http://localhost:8000

但是在我的浏览器中转到 localhost:8080 后，我在终端中收到一条很大的错误消息，其中很多行引用了webapp2.py:

ERROR    2013-10-16 05:31:04,828 webapp2.py:1528] connect() got an unexpected keyword argument 'user'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine
default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1511, in __call__
rv = self.handle_exception(request, response, e)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1505, in __call__
rv = self.router.dispatch(request, response)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1253, in default_dispatcher
return route.handler_adapter(request, response)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1077, in __call__
return handler.dispatch()
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 547, in dispatch
return self.handle_exception(e, self.app.debug)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 545, in dispatch
return method(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/patneedham/Documents/AppEngine/mysql-demo/main.py", line 29, in get
conn = get_connection()
File "/Users/patneedham/Documents/AppEngine/mysql-demo/main.py", line 23, in get_connection
user=USER_NAME, password=PASSWORD, charset='utf8')
TypeError: connect() got an unexpected keyword argument 'user'
ERROR    2013-10-16 05:31:04,830 wsgi.py:278] 
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/runtime/wsgi.py", line 266, in Handle
result = handler(dict(self._environ), self._StartResponse)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1519, in __call__
response = self._internal_error(e)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1511, in __call__
rv = self.handle_exception(request, response, e)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1505, in __call__
rv = self.router.dispatch(request, response)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1253, in default_dispatcher
return route.handler_adapter(request, response)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 1077, in __call__
return handler.dispatch()
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 547, in dispatch
return self.handle_exception(e, self.app.debug)
File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.3/webapp2.py", line 545, in dispatch
return method(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/patneedham/Documents/AppEngine/mysql-demo/main.py", line 29, in get
conn = get_connection()
File "/Users/patneedham/Documents/AppEngine/mysql-demo/main.py", line 23, in get_connection
user=USER_NAME, password=PASSWORD, charset='utf8')
TypeError: connect() got an unexpected keyword argument 'user'
INFO     2013-10-16 05:31:04,837 module.py:608] default: "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 -

最后的错误信息行没有任何意义：TypeError: connect() got an unexpected keyword argument 'user'

它在抱怨这个：

return rdbms.connect(instance=CLOUDSQL_INSTANCE, database=DATABASE_NAME,
                     user=USER_NAME, password=PASSWORD, charset='utf8')

rdbms 来自导入语句from google.appengine.api import rdbms。我在本站找到了谷歌托管的rdbms代码：https://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/source/browse/trunk/python/google/appengine/api/rdbms.py

其中的连接方法是：

def connect(instance=None, database=None, **kwargs):
  global _instance
  if not instance and _instance:
    instance = _instance

  if 'db' in kwargs and not database:
    database = kwargs.pop('db')

  user = None
  if 'user' in kwargs:
    user = kwargs.pop('user')

  password = None
  if 'password' in kwargs:
    password = kwargs.pop('password')

  if kwargs:
    logging.info('Ignoring extra kwargs to connect(): %r', kwargs)

  return rdbms_apiproxy.connect('unused_address',
                                instance,
                                database=database,
                                user=user,
                                password=password)

它肯定期待关键字参数“用户”，这让整个事情变得非常令人沮丧。我还检查以确保我在本地拥有的 rdbms 文件是相同的，而且确实如此，所以这不是由旧版本引起的。

我在这里找到了其他人遇到同样问题的另一个案例：(https://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/issues/detail?can=2&start=0&num=100&q=&colspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Stars%20Summary%20Language%20Priority%20Owner%20Log&groupby=&sort=&id=10102)，但没有得到答复。

Answer 1

我认为该文件可能已过时。

通过删除connect中的用户和密码参数并在启动dev_appserver时移动它们会更容易解决问题。由于rdbms在运行时并没有真正使用这两个参数，所以最好让它们只存在于开发环境中。

def get_connection():
    # remove user / password
    return rdbms.connect(instance=CLOUDSQL_INSTANCE, database=DATABASE_NAME)

# start the dev server with user/password
$ app_engine_sdk_path/dev_appserver.py --mysql_socket=mysql_socket_path --mysql_user=[MYSQL_USER] --mysql_password=[MYSQL_PASSWORD] . 

# some other variables available.
[--mysql_host MYSQL_HOST] [--mysql_port MYSQL_PORT]
[--mysql_user MYSQL_USER]
[--mysql_password MYSQL_PASSWORD]
[--mysql_socket MYSQL_SOCKET]

Google App Engine 还提供了 MySQLdb 接口。

https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/python/cloud-sql/#Python_complete_python_example

if (os.getenv('SERVER_SOFTWARE') and
  os.getenv('SERVER_SOFTWARE').startswith('Google App Engine/')):
  db = MySQLdb.connect(unix_socket='/cloudsql/your-project-id:your-instance-name', user='root')
else:
  db = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root')

Answer 2

当我尝试复制您看到的症状时，请尝试尝试MySQLdb。见https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/python/cloud-sql/#Python_Connect_to_your_database

Answer 3

查看您在rdbms.py 中链接到的代码：

"""Relational database API for production.

Note that rdbms_mysqldb is the module used in dev_appserver.
"""

然后，在rbdms_mysqldb.py：

try:
    import google
    import MySQLdb

    from MySQLdb import *



    __import__('MySQLdb.constants', globals(), locals(), ['*'])
except ImportError:

    def connect(instance=None, database=None):
        logging.error('The rdbms API (Google Cloud SQL) is not available because '
                      'the MySQLdb library could not be loaded. Please see the SDK '
                      'documentation for installation instructions.')

        raise NotImplementedError('Unable to find the MySQLdb library')

else:


    def connect(instance=None, database=None, **kwargs):

因此，如果您没有安装 MySQLdb，您似乎可以在没有 user 或 **kwargs 参数的情况下定义 connect 的唯一方法

pip install mysql-python