在 pip3 中安装 Selenium 时出错答案

【问题标题】：Error while installing Selenium in pip3在 pip3 中安装 Selenium 时出错
【发布时间】：2017-03-11 00:20:08
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试安装 selenium，但似乎有问题：

我运行 pip3 install -U selenium，得到：

    Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 742, in install
    **kwargs
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 831, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1032, in move_wheel_files
    isolated=self.isolated,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 378, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, dest, False, fixer=fixer, filter=filter)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 317, in clobber
    ensure_dir(destdir)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir
    os.makedirs(path)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/os.py", line 231, in makedirs
    makedirs(head, mode, exist_ok)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/os.py", line 231, in makedirs
    makedirs(head, mode, exist_ok)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/os.py", line 231, in makedirs
makedirs(head, mode, exist_ok)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/os.py", line 241, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/selenium'

尽管有这条消息，我可以继续并在 python3 中运行 selenium，以及类似的命令

from selenium import web driver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

将返回

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 64, in start
stdout=self.log_file, stderr=self.log_file)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/subprocess.py", line 947, in __init__
restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/subprocess.py", line 1551, in _execute_child
raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'geckodriver'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 135, in __init__
self.service.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 71, in start
os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.

我需要做什么？

【问题讨论】：

标签： python-3.x selenium package pip

【解决方案1】：

您是否尝试以超级用户身份运行 pip install ？当您错过sudo 时，通常会出现 PermissionError。如果没有，请尝试sudo pip3 install -U selenium。

【讨论】：

我读到 sudo pip 是一种不安全的做法，所以我想避免它。不过，这些错误看起来确实表明存在权限问题，所以你认为这是我最好的选择吗？而且我假设不安全性仅在安装过程中发生，因此我不必担心像 selenium 这样被广泛接受的软件包。
我已经使用 sudo 和 pip 很长时间了，从来没有遇到过问题。另外，我见过真正的专家使用它。实际上，从未听说过它不安全。 Linux 上的 /usr/ 文件夹不能在没有超级用户权限的情况下修改，所以是的，这是我为您解决安装问题的最佳选择。希望它有效:)。
现在可以使用了！我必须运行sudo -H pip3 install selenium 和brew install geckodriver
太好了！！恭喜:)

【解决方案2】：

也可以不以超级用户身份执行 pip (which you should, at least, try not to)：

创建目录：

sudo mkdir /usr/local/selenium

给自己目录的所有权：

chown your_username /usr/local/selenium

安装硒：

pip3 install -U selenium

【讨论】：

啊，谢谢，这就是我正在寻找的答案 :)