gcc：致命错误：limits.h：macos 上没有这样的文件或目录

Question

我正在尝试在 macos 10.14.5、Python 3.7 和 gcc 4.7 上安装 python-Levenshtein (https://pypi.org/project/python-Levenshtein/)。这失败了：

/opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory

完整的日志是：

pip3 install python-levenshtein
Collecting python-levenshtein
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/42/a9/d1785c85ebf9b7dfacd08938dd028209c34a0ea3b1bcdb895208bd40a67d/python-Levenshtein-0.12.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from python-levenshtein) (39.0.1)
Installing collected packages: python-levenshtein
  Running setup.py install for python-levenshtein ... error
    ERROR: Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    ERROR: running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    copying Levenshtein/StringMatcher.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    copying Levenshtein/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    running egg_info
    writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/entry_points.txt
    writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt
    writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/top_level.txt
    reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*so' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
    writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    running build_ext
    building 'Levenshtein._levenshtein' extension
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein/_levenshtein.o
    In file included from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/syslimits.h:7:0,
                     from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:34,
                     from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/Python.h:11,
                     from Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c:99:
    /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/
felix@fxa-2:~$

有趣的是，该文件实际上确实存在于我的 Mac 上，即：

felix@fxa-2:~$ ls /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed
README       limits.h     math.h       stdint.h     syslimits.h

Answer 1

就我而言，默认的gcc 在/usr/local/bin/gcc 中，它是指向/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.9 的软链接。

我用brew install gcc 重新安装了gcc，并将/usr/local/bin/gcc 重新链接到新的gcc，在我的例子中是/usr/local/bin/gcc-10。

对g++也做了同样的事情，然后问题就解决了。

Answer 2

这里问题的原因是通过 macports 安装了 gcc (4.7) 和 xcode 附带的另一个。使用了第一个。通过卸载 macports 附带的旧 gcc，再次使用 xcode 的 gcc，然后可以安装 python-Levenshtein（并编译其 C 代码）。

Answer 3

在我的机器上（不是 Mac，但应该翻译结果），…include-fixed/limits.h 包含以下内容

#ifdef _GCC_NEXT_LIMITS_H
#include_next <limits.h>                /* recurse down to the real one */
#endif

就我而言，“真正的”似乎是/usr/include/limits.h：

$ <<< '#include <limits.h>'  gcc -E -xc - |grep limits
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 34 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/syslimits.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 194 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 26 "/usr/include/limits.h" 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 183 "/usr/include/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/linux/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 184 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 188 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 195 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 8 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/syslimits.h" 2 3 4
# 35 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 2 3 4

我的包管理器这么说 /usr/include/limits.h is owned by glibc 2.29-1.

而且你肯定有 Mac 的 libc（不知道它叫什么）代替了 Glibc。也许问题是您系统上的 libc 比您的 gcc 配置的 libc 新得多（gcc 4.7 现在已经很老了），因此它希望在新版本中将标头移动到另一个位置。

这是我的猜测。检查您的系统以找出答案。此外，如果可以的话，您可以尝试更新的 gcc 版本。