没有找到 PIL 模块，但它已安装并更新

Question

我正在尝试在 mac os X 上使用 scrapy 下载图像，它返回以下错误消息：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'PIL'
$ pip install image
Requirement already satisfied: image in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (1.5.27)
Requirement already satisfied: django in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from image) (1.11.16)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from image) (5.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from django->image) (2013.7)

让我们尝试安装镜像包：

$ pip install image
Reqfuirement already satisfied: image in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (1.5.27)
Requirement already satisfied: django in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from image) (1.11.16)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from image) (5.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from django->image) (2013.7)

更新点子？

pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-18.1-py2.7.egg (18.1)

通过自制软件安装 Python

通过 sudo 进行 PIP：sudo pip install image

也试过了：

easy_install pip
Password:
Searching for pip
Best match: pip 18.1
Processing pip-18.1-py2.7.egg
pip 18.1 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
Installing pip script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip2.7 script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip2 script to /usr/local/bin

Using /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-18.1-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip
Finished processing dependencies for pip

与：

brew unlink python && brew link python

更多信息：

File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scrapy/pipelines/images.py", line 15, in <module>
    from PIL import Image
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'PIL'

MBP:bid user$ type python
python is hashed (/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python)

MBP:bid user$ /usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/pip show pip
Name: pip
Version: 18.1
Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages.
Home-page: https://pip.pypa.io/
Author: The pip developers
Author-email: pypa-dev@groups.google.com
License: MIT
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages
Requires: 
Required-by: 

有什么办法解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

您想使用哪个版本的 Python？您似乎声称您通过 homebrew 安装了 Python，但您使用的是 Apple 在 /usr/bin/python 中提供的 Python 2.7，这就是 pip 在 /Library/Python/2.7 中安装的原因。

如果你想使用 homebrew Python 和pip，你需要运行/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python。如果你运行，你可以看到所有这些信息：

brew info python

一般来说，在/anywhere/LOCAL/anywhere 中查看或安装的任何内容都是homebrew。任何使用 /usr/bin 或 /Library/anywhere 的东西都将由 Apple 提供。

---

如果您想知道您正在运行的实际命令，请像这样使用type：

type python
python is hashed (/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python)

这告诉我，在我的机器上，python 是 /usr/local/... 中的那个，它必须来自 homebrew，因为它包含 /.../LOCAL/...

您的python 目前是/usr/bin/python。如果你想使用 homebrew 之一，你需要在你的登录配置文件中更改你的 PATH 并输入 /usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin before /usr/bin。例如：

export PATH=/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH

然后启动一个新终端，以便您使用新配置文件运行。

---

注意区别：

# Run the old Apple-supplied Python
/usr/bin/python -V
Python 2.7.10

# Run the shiny new homebrew Python
/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python -V
Python 3.7.1

# Run the homebrew pip - that installs into /something/LOCAL/something - sure sign it is not Apple's
/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/pip show pip
Name: pip
Version: 18.1
Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages.
Home-page: https://pip.pypa.io/
Author: The pip developers
Author-email: pypa-dev@groups.google.com
License: MIT
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages