WPF：如果 UI 元素不可见，则停止绑定

Question

如果元素当前不可见，我可以延迟绑定 ui 元素吗？有时我有一个包含一些隐藏/最小化元素的表单，如果它们不在屏幕上，我不想更新它们。我怀疑答案是否定的，但问也无妨？

Answer 1

答案是否定的，因为绑定可能导致元素再次可见。因此，如果绑定在隐藏控件上不起作用，它将不允许绑定再次使其可见。

Answer 2

我知道这是一个老问题，但由于我未能找到已实现的类或其他东西，我自己按照@Nir 的回答做了。

这是一个标记扩展，它将普通绑定包装为仅在对象IsVisible 属性第一次变为真时才真正绑定：

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Markup;

namespace MakupExtensions {
    [MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(object))]
    public class LazyBindingExtension : MarkupExtension {
        public LazyBindingExtension() {
        }
        public LazyBindingExtension(PropertyPath path) : this() {
            Path = path;
        }

        public IValueConverter Converter {
            get;
            set;
        }
        [TypeConverter(typeof(CultureInfoIetfLanguageTagConverter))]
        public CultureInfo ConverterCulture {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public object ConverterParamter {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public string ElementName {
            get;
            set;
        }
        [ConstructorArgument("path")]
        public PropertyPath Path {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public RelativeSource RelativeSource {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public object Source {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public UpdateSourceTrigger UpdateSourceTrigger {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public bool ValidatesOnDataErrors {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public bool ValidatesOnExceptions {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public bool ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors {
            get;
            set;
        }

        private Binding binding;
        private DependencyObject bindingTarget;
        private DependencyProperty bindingTargetProperty;

        public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider) {
            var valueProvider = serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget)) as IProvideValueTarget;
            if (valueProvider != null) {
                bindingTarget = valueProvider.TargetObject as DependencyObject;
                bindingTargetProperty = valueProvider.TargetProperty as DependencyProperty;
                if (bindingTargetProperty == null || bindingTarget == null) {
                    throw new NotSupportedException($"The property '{valueProvider.TargetProperty}' on target '{valueProvider.TargetObject}' is not valid for a LazyBinding. The LazyBinding target must be a DependencyObject, and the target property must be a DependencyProperty.");
                }
                binding = new Binding {
                    Path = Path,
                    Converter = Converter,
                    ConverterCulture = ConverterCulture,
                    ConverterParameter = ConverterParamter
                };
                if (ElementName != null) {
                    binding.ElementName = ElementName;
                }
                if (RelativeSource != null) {
                    binding.RelativeSource = RelativeSource;
                }
                if (Source != null) {
                    binding.Source = Source;
                }
                binding.UpdateSourceTrigger = UpdateSourceTrigger;
                binding.ValidatesOnDataErrors = ValidatesOnDataErrors;
                binding.ValidatesOnExceptions = ValidatesOnExceptions;
                binding.ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors;
                return SetBinding();
            }
            return null;
        }
        public object SetBinding() {
            var uiElement = bindingTarget as UIElement;
            if (uiElement != null && !uiElement.IsVisible) {
                uiElement.IsVisibleChanged += UiElement_IsVisibleChanged;
            }
            else {
                ConsolidateBinding();
            }
            return bindingTarget.GetValue(bindingTargetProperty);
        }
        private void ConsolidateBinding() => BindingOperations.SetBinding(bindingTarget, bindingTargetProperty, binding);
        private void UiElement_IsVisibleChanged(object sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) {
            var uiElement = sender as UIElement;
            if (uiElement != null && uiElement.IsVisible) {
                uiElement.IsVisibleChanged -= UiElement_IsVisibleChanged;
                ConsolidateBinding();
            }
        }
    }
}

使用方法：

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{mx:LazyBinding Documents}"/>

在这个例子中，它只会在 ItemsControl IsVisible 第一次变为真时绑定。

IsVisible 再次变为 false 时不会解除绑定，但我认为有人可以根据需要更改它。

Answer 3

没有内置的方法可以做到这一点 - 但您可以自己编写。

诀窍是将绑定包装在您自己的标记扩展中，该扩展使用原始绑定但在其周围添加新行为（例如，当您不希望绑定起作用时，通过将 UpdateSourceTrigger 设置为 Explicit。

这是一个示例（延迟绑定的数据传输）：

http://www.paulstovell.com/wpf-delaybinding

现在，有很多可能的边缘条件禁用不可见控件的绑定，尤其是在显示和隐藏控件方面，所以我不会为此编写通用扩展 - 但也许在您的特定应用程序中这可能很有用。

Answer 4

对于一种解决方法，我绑定了对象的可见性，当对象设置为可见时，该属性会触发其后面的元素的构造，该元素通过ContentPresenter 进行绑定。

Answer 5

改进的 MarkupExtension 将普通绑定包装到自动绑定/取消绑定数据模型（如果可见已更改）。
参见之前的版本here。

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Markup;

namespace UtilsWPF
{
    [MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(object))]
    public class LazyBindingExtension : MarkupExtension
    {
        public LazyBindingExtension()
        { }

        public LazyBindingExtension(PropertyPath path) : this()
        {
            Path = path;
        }

        #region Properties

        public IValueConverter Converter { get; set; }
        [TypeConverter(typeof(CultureInfoIetfLanguageTagConverter))]
        public CultureInfo ConverterCulture { get; set; }
        public object ConverterParamter { get; set; }
        public string ElementName { get; set; }
        [ConstructorArgument("path")]
        public PropertyPath Path { get; set; }
        public RelativeSource RelativeSource { get; set; }
        public object Source { get; set; }
        public UpdateSourceTrigger UpdateSourceTrigger { get; set; }
        public bool ValidatesOnDataErrors { get; set; }
        public bool ValidatesOnExceptions { get; set; }
        public bool ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors { get; set; }

        private Binding binding;
        private UIElement bindingTarget;
        private DependencyProperty bindingTargetProperty;

        #endregion

        #region Init

        public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            var valueProvider = serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget)) as IProvideValueTarget;
            if (valueProvider != null)
            {
                bindingTarget = valueProvider.TargetObject as UIElement;

                if (bindingTarget == null)
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException($"Target '{valueProvider.TargetObject}' is not valid for a LazyBinding. The LazyBinding target must be a UIElement.");
                }

                bindingTargetProperty = valueProvider.TargetProperty as DependencyProperty;

                if (bindingTargetProperty == null)
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException($"The property '{valueProvider.TargetProperty}' is not valid for a LazyBinding. The LazyBinding target property must be a DependencyProperty.");
                }

                binding = new Binding
                {
                    Path = Path,
                    Converter = Converter,
                    ConverterCulture = ConverterCulture,
                    ConverterParameter = ConverterParamter
                };

                if (ElementName != null)
                {
                    binding.ElementName = ElementName;
                }

                if (RelativeSource != null)
                {
                    binding.RelativeSource = RelativeSource;
                }

                if (Source != null)
                {
                    binding.Source = Source;
                }

                binding.UpdateSourceTrigger = UpdateSourceTrigger;
                binding.ValidatesOnDataErrors = ValidatesOnDataErrors;
                binding.ValidatesOnExceptions = ValidatesOnExceptions;
                binding.ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors;

                return SetBinding();
            }

            return null;
        }

        public object SetBinding()
        {
            bindingTarget.IsVisibleChanged += UiElement_IsVisibleChanged;

            updateBinding();

            return bindingTarget.GetValue(bindingTargetProperty);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Event Handlers

        private void UiElement_IsVisibleChanged(object sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            updateBinding();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Update Binding

        private void updateBinding()
        {
            if (bindingTarget.IsVisible)
            {
                ConsolidateBinding();
            }
            else
            {
                ClearBinding();
            }
        }

        private bool _isBind;

        private void ConsolidateBinding()
        {
            if (_isBind)
            {
                return;
            }

            _isBind = true;

            BindingOperations.SetBinding(bindingTarget, bindingTargetProperty, binding);
        }

        private void ClearBinding()
        {
            if (!_isBind)
            {
                return;
            }

            BindingOperations.ClearBinding(bindingTarget, bindingTargetProperty);

            _isBind = false;
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

使用方法：

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{utils:LazyBinding Documents}"/>