此答案旨在解决原始问题中的问题,并为未来的读者提供如何实施ListDialogBox 的示例。
原始问题中的问题涉及能够指定如何在ListBox 中显示信息。由于ListBox 直到运行时才知道它正在显示什么类型的数据,因此没有一种直接的方法来指定指向所显示的所需属性的“路径”。
这个问题最简单的解决方案是创建一个ListDialogBox 独占使用的接口,然后调用者只需要创建该接口的实例来自定义信息的显示方式。
此解决方案的唯一缺点是调用者需要满足他/她的数据以符合ListDialogBox;但是,这很容易实现。
如何创建和实现ListDialogBox:
ListDialogBox 的目标是类似于 OpenFileDialog 或 SaveFileDialog,因为您初始化对话框,提示输入结果,然后处理结果。
首先,我将展示和解释ListDialogBox 的代码(XAML 和代码隐藏)。
下面的 XAML 已经过修剪,只显示对话框的结构和必要的属性。
<Window
//You must specify the namespace that contains the the converters used by
//this dialog
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:<your-namespace>"
//[Optional]: Specify a handler so that the ESC key closes the dialog.
KeyDown="Window_KeyDown">
<Window.Resources>
//These converters are used to control the dialog box.
<BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="BoolToVisibility"/>
<local:NullToBooleanConverter x:Key="NullToBool"/>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
//This displays a custom prompt which can be set by the caller.
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Prompt}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
//The selection button is only enabled if a selection is made (non-null)
<Button IsEnabled="{Binding Path=SelectedItem,
ElementName=LstItems,
Converter={StaticResource NullToBool}}"
//Display a custom message for the select button.
Content="{Binding SelectText}"
//Specify a handler to close the dialog when a selection is confirmed.
Click="BtnSelect_Click" Name="BtnSelect" />
//The cancel button specifies a handler to close the dialog.
<Button Content=" Cancel" Name="BtnCancel" Click="BtnCancel_Click" />
//This list box displays the items by using the 'INamedItem' interface
<ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Items}" Name="LstItems"
ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled">
<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="ListBoxItem">
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch"/>
</Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<DockPanel>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Right"
//The delete button is only available when the 'CanRemoveItems'
//property is true. See usage for more details.
Visibility="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type Window}},
Path=CanRemoveItems,
Converter={StaticResource BoolToVisibility}}"
//Visual properties for correctly displaying the red 'x'.
//The 'x' is actually the multiplication symbol: '×'
FontFamily="Elephant" Foreground="Red" FontWeight="Bold" FontStyle="Normal"
FontSize="18" Padding="0,-3,0,0" Content="×"
//[Optional]: Align button on the right end.
HorizontalAlignment="Right"
//Specify handler that removes the item from the list (internally)
Click="BtnRemove_Click" />
//The DockPanel's last child fills the remainder of the template
//with the one and only property from the INamedItem interface.
<Label Content="{Binding DisplayName}"
//[Optional]: This handler allows double-clicks to confirm selection.
MouseDoubleClick="LstItem_MouseDoubleClick"/>
</DockPanel>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
</ListBox>
</Grid>
NullToBooleanConverter 与 SO 上的this answer 基本相同。它用于根据ListBox.SelectedItem 是否为null 来启用/禁用确认选择按钮。此转换器的不同之处在于,当转换后的值为NOT null时,它返回true。
ListDialogBox代码隐藏:
该类定义了调用者可以修改以自定义方式的所有属性
显示的ListDialogBox 及其功能。
public partial class ListDialogBox : Window, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
/* The DataContext of the ListDialogBox is itself. It implements
* INotifyPropertyChanged so that the dialog box bindings are updated when
* the caller modifies the functionality.
*/
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void RaisePropertyChanged(string name)
{
if (PropertyChanged != null)
{
PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(name));
}
}
/* Optionally, the ListDialogBox provides a callback mechanism that allows
* the caller to cancel the removal of any of the items.
* See usage for more details.
*/
public event RemoveItemEventHandler RemoveItem;
protected void RaiseRemoveItem(RemoveItemEventArgs args)
{
if (RemoveItem != null)
{
RemoveItem(this, args);
}
}
//Local copies of all the properties. (with default values)
private string prompt = "Select an item from the list.";
private string selectText = "Select";
private bool canRemoveItems = false;
private ObservableCollection<INamedItem> items;
private INamedItem selectedItem = null;
public ListDialogBox()
{
InitializeComponent();
DataContext = this; //The DataContext is itself.
}
/* Handles when an item is double-clicked.
* The ListDialogBox.SelectedItem property is set and the dialog is closed.
*/
private void LstItem_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
SelectedItem = ((FrameworkElement)sender).DataContext as INamedItem;
Close();
}
/* Handles when the confirm selection button is pressed.
* The ListDialogBox.SelectedItem property is set and the dialog is closed.
*/
private void BtnSelect_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
SelectedItem = LstItems.SelectedItem as INamedItem;
Close();
}
/* Handles when the cancel button is pressed.
* The lsitDialogBox.SelectedItem remains null, and the dialog is closed.
*/
private void BtnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Close();
}
/* Handles when any key is pressed. Here we determine when the user presses
* the ESC key. If that happens, the result is the same as cancelling.
*/
private void Window_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
{ //If the user presses escape, close this window.
if (e.Key == Key.Escape)
{
Close();
}
}
/* Handles when the 'x' button is pressed on any of the items.
* The item in question is found and the RemoveItem event subscribers are notified.
* If the subscribers do not cancel the event, then the item is removed.
*/
private void BtnRemove_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{ //Obtain the item that corresponds to the remove button that was clicked.
INamedItem removeItem = ((FrameworkElement)sender).DataContext as INamedItem;
RemoveItemEventArgs args = new RemoveItemEventArgs(removeItem);
RaiseRemoveItem(args);
if (!args.Cancel)
{ //If not cancelled, then remove the item.
items.Remove(removeItem);
}
}
//Below are the customizable properties.
/* This property specifies the prompt that displays at the top of the dialog. */
public string Prompt
{
get { return prompt; }
set
{
if (prompt != value)
{
prompt = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("Prompt");
}
}
}
/* This property specifies the text on the confirm selection button. */
public string SelectText
{
get { return selectText; }
set
{
if (selectText != value)
{
selectText = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("SelectText");
}
}
}
/* This property controls whether or not items can be removed.
* If set to true, the the 'x' button appears on the ItemTemplate.
*/
public bool CanRemoveItems
{
get { return canRemoveItems; }
set
{
if (canRemoveItems != value)
{
canRemoveItems = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("CanRemoveItems");
}
}
}
/* This property specifies the collection of items that the user can select from.
* Note that this uses the INamedItem interface. The caller must comply with that
* interface in order to use the ListDialogBox.
*/
public ObservableCollection<INamedItem> Items
{
get { return items; }
set
{
items = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("Items");
}
}
//Below are the read only properties that the caller uses after
//prompting for a selection.
/* This property contains either the selected INamedItem, or null if
* no selection is made.
*/
public INamedItem SelectedItem
{
get { return selectedItem; }
private set
{
selectedItem = value;
}
}
/* This property indicates if a selection was made.
* The caller should check this property before trying to use the selected item.
*/
public bool IsCancelled
{ //A simple null-check is performed (the caller can do this too).
get { return (SelectedItem == null); }
}
}
//This delegate defines the callback signature for the RemoveItem event.
public delegate void RemoveItemEventHandler(object sender, RemoveItemEventArgs e);
/* This class defines the event arguments for the RemoveItem event.
* It provides access to the item being removed and allows the event to be cancelled.
*/
public class RemoveItemEventArgs
{
public RemoveItemEventArgs(INamedItem item)
{
RemoveItem = item;
}
public INamedItem RemoveItem { get; private set; }
public bool Cancel { get; set; }
}
INamedItem接口:
现在ListDialogBox 已经出现了,我们需要看看调用者如何使用它。如前所述,最简单的方法是创建一个界面。
INamedItem 接口仅提供一个属性(称为DisplayName),ListDialogBox 需要这些属性的列表才能显示信息。 ListDialogBox 依赖于调用者为这个属性设置一个有意义的值。
界面非常简单:
public interface INamedItem
{
string DisplayName { get; set; }
}
用法:
此时,与ListDialogBox 的功能相关的所有类都已涵盖,现在是时候在程序中查看和实现它了。
为此,我们需要实例化ListDialogBox,然后设置自定义任何所需的属性。
ListDialogBox dialog = new ListDialogBox();
dialog.Prompt = "Select a pizza topping to add from the list below:";
dialog.SelectText = "Choose Topping";
dialog.CanRemoveItems = true; //Setting to false will hide the 'x' buttons.
ListDialogBox 需要 ObservableCollection<INamedItem>,因此我们必须先生成它才能继续。为此,我们为要使用的数据类型创建一个“包装类”。在此示例中,我将创建一个实现 INamedItem 的 StringItem 类并将 DisplayName 设置为任意字符串。见下文:
public class StringItem : INamedItem
{ //Local copy of the string.
private string displayName;
//Creates a new StringItem with the value provided.
public StringItem(string displayName)
{ //Sets the display name to the passed-in string.
this.displayName = displayName;
}
public string DisplayName
{ //Implement the property. The implementer doesn't need
//to provide an implementation for setting the property.
get { return displayName; }
set { }
}
}
然后使用StringItem 创建ObservableCollection<INamedItem>:
ObservableCollection<INamedItem> toppings = new ObservableCollection<INamedItem>();
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Pepperoni"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Ham"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Sausage"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Chicken"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Mushroom"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Onions"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Olives"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Bell Pepper"));
toppings.Add(new StringItem("Pineapple"));
//Now we can set the list property:
dialog.Items = toppings;
至此,基本实现已经设置完毕。我们只需要调用dialog.ShowDialog(),并处理结果。但是,由于该示例允许用户从列表中删除项目,我们可能需要提示确认。为此,我们需要订阅RemoveItem 事件。
RemoveItemEventHandler myHandler = (object s, RemoveItemEventArgs args) =>
{
StringItem item = args.RemoveItem as StringItem;
MessageBoxResult result = MessageBox.Show("Are you sure that you would like" +
" to permanently remove \"" + item.DisplayName + "\" from the list?",
"Remove Topping?",
MessageBoxButton.YesNo, MessageBoxImage.Question);
if (result == MessageBoxResult.No)
{ //The user cancelled the deletion, so cancel the event as well.
args.Cancel = true;
}
};
//Subscribe to RemoveItem event.
dialog.RemoveItem += myHandler;
最后,我们可以显示ListDialogBox 并处理结果。我们还必须记得取消订阅RemoveItem 事件:
dialog.ShowDialog();
dialog.RemoveItem -= myHandler;
//Process the result now.
if (!dialog.IsCancelled)
{
StringItem item = dialog.SelectedItem as StringItem;
MessageBox.Show("You added the topping \"" + item.DisplayName +
"\" to your pizza!");
}
剩下的就是将此代码放入您的应用程序并自行运行。
上面的示例创建了以下ListDialogBox:
此外,当点击意大利辣香肠上的“x”时,会显示提示: