preg_match 查找带有大写字母和连续大写单词的单词

Question

我正在尝试通过仅过滤掉符合以下条件的单词来匹配字符串中的关键字：

• 包含大写字母的单词，例如“iPhone”或“camelCase”
• 连续大写单词组，例如“Pittsburgh Steelers”或“Oscar De La Hoya”
• 结合上述标准，如“iPhone 5”或“MIB 2”（也将数字视为大写）
• 折叠所有非字符/数字，因此“O'Donnell's”将变为“ODonnells”，“Wi-fi...”将变为“Wifi”

例子：

$string = "Joe O'Donnell and Oscar De La Hoya went to a Pittsburgh Steelers game on Sunday, where Joe lost his iPhone 5, so he borrowed Oscar's iPad";

preg_match_all("/[A-Z][a-z]*/",$string,$match_words); // incorrect expression

// desired result for $match_words should be: 
// array(Joe ODonnell, Oscar De La Hoya, Pittsburgh Steelers, Sunday, Joe, iPhone 5, Oscars, iPad)

谢谢

Answer 1

你可以使用这样的正则表达式：

\b((?:[A-Z]['a-z]*\s*\d*)+)\b|\b((?:[a-z]*[A-Z]['a-z]*\s*\d*)+)\b

Working demo

比赛信息：

MATCH 1
1.  [0-14]  `Joe O'Donnell `
MATCH 2
1.  [18-35] `Oscar De La Hoya `
MATCH 3
1.  [45-65] `Pittsburgh Steelers `
MATCH 4
1.  [73-79] `Sunday`
MATCH 5
1.  [87-91] `Joe `
MATCH 6
2.  [100-108]   `iPhone 5`
MATCH 7
1.  [125-133]   `Oscar's `
MATCH 8
2.  [133-137]   `iPad`

正则表达式由两种模式组成：

\b((?:[A-Z]['a-z]*\s*\d*)+)\b       ---> Match words like Joe O'Connels or Oscar De La Hoya
|
\b((?:[a-z]*[A-Z]['a-z]*\s*\d*)+)\b ---> Match words like iPad or iPhone

顺便说一句，如果您查看结果，它的末尾有一个尾随空格，您可以对结果进行修剪以进行清理。

Answer 2

您可以先删除所有非字母数字字符：

$string2 = preg_replace("/[^a-zA-Z0-9\s]/", "", $string);

然后使用preg_split 而不是preg_replace 将字符串拆分为完全小写的单词序列。

 $match_words = preg_split("/ ([a-z]| )+ /", $string2);

（如果不介意$string被销毁，可以将$string2替换为$string）

这适用于您提供的示例，但请考虑您希望您的程序如何以较少净化的输入运行。例如，"Foo Bar"（两个空格）将被拆分为两个元素，而"Foo Bar"（一个空格）将保留为一个元素。如果您不担心速度，可以使用另一个 preg_replace 将任何空白序列替换为单个空格。

Answer 3

除了 Fede 的甜蜜回答，这将是您的新 PHP 代码：

$string = "Joe O'Donnell and Oscar De La Hoya went to a Pittsburgh Steelers game on Sunday, where Joe lost his iPhone 5, so he borrowed Oscar's iPad";

preg_match_all("/\b((?:[A-Z]['a-z]*\s*\d*)+)\b|\b((?:[a-z]*[A-Z]['a-z]*\s*\d*)+)\b/", $string, $matches);

print_r($matches[0]);

$matches[0] 将是您的匹配数组。

Answer 4

您可以在这里使用 PHP 的 ctype_lower 函数！

<?php

$string = "Joe O'Donnell and Oscar De La Hoya went to a Pittsburgh Steelers game on Sunday, where Joe lost his iPhone 5, so he borrowed Oscar's iPad";

$words = $temp = array();

// Loop through the string after turning it into an array (by spaces)
foreach (explode(" ", $string) as $word) {
    // Check if the word is lowercase and is not a number
    if (ctype_lower($word) && !is_numeric($word)) {
        if (empty($temp)) continue; // Don't add it if there's nothing to add

        // Add the words found up until this point (from the last point) into the words array, as a string
        $words[] = implode(" ", $temp);

        // Reset the temp array so we can look for new words and continue
        $temp = array();
        continue;
    }

    // Add this word to the words array
    $temp[] = $word;
}

$words[] = implode(" ", $temp);

// Print the words that have uppercase characters
printf("<pre>%s</pre>", print_r($words, true));

返回：

Array
(
    [0] => Joe O'Donnell
    [1] => Oscar De La Hoya
    [2] => Pittsburgh Steelers
    [3] => Sunday,
    [4] => Joe
    [5] => iPhone 5,
    [6] => Oscar's iPad
)

Answer 5

除了 Fede、Kelly 和 Daniel，还有 2 个重音语言的替代方案

使用preg_split

$capitalized_words = preg_split("/ ([a-zàèìòùáéíóúýâêîôûãñõäëïöüÿçßøåæœ]| )+ /u", $string);

使用preg_match_all

//with 'u' flag 
preg_match_all("/\b((?:[A-ZÀÁÂÃÄÅÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÆ]['a-zàèìòùáéíóúýâêîôûãñõäëïöüÿçßøåæœ]*\s*\d*)+)\b|\b((?:[a-zàèìòùáéíóúýâêîôûãñõäëïöüÿçßøåæœ]*[A-ZÀÁÂÃÄÅÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÆ]['a-zàèìòùáéíóúýâêîôûãñõäëïöüÿçßøåæœ]*\s*\d*)+)\b/u", $string, $capitalized_words);

使用preg_match_all 和trim 的函数

function get_capitalized_words($string){
    $capitalized_words=array();

    //with 'u' flag 
    preg_match_all("/\b((?:[A-ZÀÁÂÃÄÅÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÆ]['a-zàèìòùáéíóúýâêîôûãñõäëïöüÿçßøåæœ]*\s*\d*)+)\b|\b((?:[a-zàèìòùáéíóúýâêîôûãñõäëïöüÿçßøåæœ]*[A-ZÀÁÂÃÄÅÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÆ]['a-zàèìòùáéíóúýâêîôûãñõäëïöüÿçßøåæœ]*\s*\d*)+)\b/u", $string, $matches);

    if(isset($matches[0])){
        $capitalized_words=array_map('trim',$matches[0]);
    }

    return $capitalized_words;
}