生成私有 IP 地址的 Python 程序

Question

下面给出的程序是随机生成N个私有IP地址。

如果 x1 = 172,x2 的值应该是从 16 到 31...但它生成的值是从 0 到 255...有人可以看看并告诉我可能是什么错误吗？

代码：

import random

n = int(raw_input("How many IP addresses need to be generated \n"))

x1 = random.choice(["10","172","192"])


for i in range (0,n):

    if (x1 == 10 ):

        x2 = random.randint(0,255)

        x3 = random.randint(0,255)

        x4 = random.randint(0,255)

        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))



    elif (x1 == 172):

        x2 = random.randint(16,31)

        x3 = random.randint(0,255)

        x4 = random.randint(0,255)

        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))


    else:

        x2 = random.randint(0,255)

        x3 = random.randint(0,255)

        x4 = random.randint(0,255)

        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

Answer 1

那是因为你正在检查int with string

即）

1=="1"
Out[10]: False

修改：

import random
n = int(raw_input("How many IP addresses need to be generated \n"))
x1 = random.choice(["172","192","10"])    
for i in range (0,n):
    if (int(x1) == 10 ):
        x2 = random.randint(0,255)        
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

    elif (int(x1) == 172):
        x2 = random.randint(16,31)            
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

    else:    
        x2 = random.randint(0,255)
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)        
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

编辑：

import random
n = int(raw_input("How many IP addresses need to be generated \n"))
x1 = random.choice([172,192,10])    
for i in range (0,n):
    if (int(x1) == 10 ):
        x2 = random.randint(0,255)        
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

    elif (int(x1) == 172):
        x2 = random.randint(16,31)            
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

    else:    
        x2 = random.randint(0,255)
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)        
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

edit2：

由于if and else 或做同样的事情，你可以将它们合并为else

import random
n = int(raw_input("How many IP addresses need to be generated \n"))
x1 = random.choice([172,192,10])    
for i in range (0,n):
    if (int(x1) == 172):
        x2 = random.randint(16,31)            
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

    else:    
        x2 = random.randint(0,255)
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)        
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

输出：

How many IP addresses need to be generated 
20
10.88.254.205
10.205.49.201
10.67.147.81
10.10.75.63
10.136.166.197
10.241.237.2
10.33.204.114
10.10.190.132
10.11.72.207
10.24.178.32
10.215.156.125
10.75.79.15
10.47.159.174
10.177.12.191
10.96.189.105
10.141.216.118
10.99.138.176
10.92.138.176
10.81.147.16
10.246.147.4

edit3：

我个人认为x1 that is ip first segment should change randomly when looping

因此编辑代码：

import random
n = int(raw_input("How many IP addresses need to be generated \n"))

for i in range (0,n):
    x1 = random.choice([172,192,10]) #moved inside loop
    if (int(x1) == 172):
        x2 = random.randint(16,31)            
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

    else:    
        x2 = random.randint(0,255)
        x3 = random.randint(0,255)        
        x4 = random.randint(0,255)
        print ".".join(map(str,([x1,x2,x3,x4])))

输出：

How many IP addresses need to be generated 
20
192.178.231.68
192.253.233.190
192.114.158.193
192.196.30.127
172.22.44.3
172.23.180.6
10.69.55.105
10.105.63.195
172.21.0.195
192.83.125.135
10.36.196.137
10.8.251.102
192.38.130.4
172.22.21.131
10.204.243.231
192.136.121.203
172.30.89.149
192.40.178.100
192.155.127.75
172.23.97.228

Answer 2

当设置 x1 时，您使用引号使其成为字符串。删除引号，它将是一个数字。当您将其与数值进行比较时，这一点很重要。

x1 = random.choice([10,172,192])

然后比较 elif (x1 == 172) 将按预期工作。

Answer 3

可以用这段代码完成吗？

from random import randint
def randomPrivateIPaddress():
    network_type = randint(0, 2)
    if network_type == 0:
        return "10.%d.%d.%d" % (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255))
    elif network_type == 1:
        return "172.%d.%d.%d" % (randint(16, 31), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255))
    else:
        return "192.168.%d.%d" % (randint(0,255), randint(0,255))

然后，您可以将这些字符串与 ipaddress 模块一起使用。

Answer 4

这里的许多人都提供了很好的解决方案来处理众所周知的私有 IP 地址。我所说的“众所周知”是指：

192.168.xxx.xxx
172.16.xxx.xxx - 172.16.31.255.255
10.xxx.xxx.xxx

但是。我确实想澄清还有许多其他“保留”的 IP 地址范围不用于基于IANA documentation 的公共用途。这些都可以被认为是在“私人”空间中。 最值得注意的是当今广泛使用的 localhost 范围 (127.xxx.xxx.xxx) 和多播地址 (240.0.0.0/4)。