如何以及在哪里设置 Rails 中的环境变量？答案

【问题标题】：How and where to set environment variables in rails?如何以及在哪里设置 Rails 中的环境变量？
【发布时间】：2020-06-06 20:06:50
【问题描述】：

所以我正在处理其他人的 Rails 项目。我克隆了 repo 并点击了 bundle install 但是当我使用命令 rails db:migrate 或 rake db:migrate 或 rails s 时。我得到一长串错误堆栈。它看起来像这样（请阅读最后一行错误，尤其是结束位）：

Traceback (most recent call last):
58: from bin/rails:4:in `<main>'
57: from bin/rails:4:in `require'
56: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands.rb:17:in `<top (required)>'
55: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:39:in `run_command!'
54: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:75:in `server'
53: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:75:in `tap'
52: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:80:in `block in server'
51: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:78:in `start'
50: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:139:in `log_to_stdout'
49: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/server.rb:337:in `wrapped_app'
48: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:61:in `app'
47: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/server.rb:209:in `app'
46: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/server.rb:300:in `build_app_and_options_from_config'
45: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `parse_file'
44: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `new_from_string'
43: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `eval'
42: from /Users/macbook/Desktop/develop/rails-projects/audiogon-staging/config.ru:in `<main>'
41: from /Users/macbook/Desktop/develop/rails-projects/audiogon-staging/config.ru:in `new'
40: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize'
39: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-1.6.13/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval'
38: from /Users/macbook/Desktop/develop/rails-projects/audiogon-staging/config.ru:3:in `block in <main>'
37: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
36: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency'
35: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `block in require'
34: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
33: from /Users/macbook/Desktop/develop/rails-projects/audiogon-staging/config/environment.rb:15:in `<top (required)>'
32: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/railtie.rb:194:in `method_missing'
31: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/railtie.rb:194:in `public_send'
30: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/application.rb:352:in `initialize!'
29: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
28: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
27: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
26: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
25: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
24: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
23: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
22: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:415:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
21: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:415:in `call'
20: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `tsort_each_child'
19: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `each'
18: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:421:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component_from'
17: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
16: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:422:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component_from'
15: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
14: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
13: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
12: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
11: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
10: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `block in <class:Engine>'
 9: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `each'
 8: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/engine.rb:616:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
 7: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/engine.rb:651:in `load_config_initializer'
 6: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
 5: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-4.2.11/lib/rails/engine.rb:652:in `block in load_config_initializer'
 4: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
 3: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency'
 2: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load'
 1: from /Users/macbook/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
 /Users/macbook/Desktop/develop/rails-projects/audiogon-staging/config/initializers/aws.rb:3:in `<top (required)>': Must set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable (RuntimeError)

所以我必须像错误所说的那样设置AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable。

所以项目的config/initializers/aws.rb 文件如下所示：

 Aws.config.update({
  region: 'us-east-1',
  access_key_id: (ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] or raise "Must set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable"),
  secret_access_key: (ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] or raise "Must set AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY environment variable")
 })

他们的 config/enviroments/production.rb 有这个：

 config.zaius_aws_access_key_id = 'SomeLongStringOFkey'
 config.zaius_aws_secret_access_key = 'TheseAreNotRealJustExamples'

将这些复制到 config/enviroments/development.rb 可以完成这项工作吗？

我不想将密钥存储在我的 bash/linux 环境中，我想在我的 rails 项目中设置它们，那么我将密钥/凭据放在哪里（在项目中）。我还不错使用rails，但我对配置和设置的经验很少。我只是想让项目运行起来，这样我就可以继续工作了。

谢谢你

【问题讨论】：

正在查看是否有 Audiogon API 的文档并偶然发现了您的问题。是否存在此类信息？

标签： ruby-on-rails amazon-web-services configuration environment-variables

【解决方案1】：

永远不要在源代码控制中检查 AWS 凭证。

对于 rails 项目，您通常会将这些设置为 linux 环境中启动脚本的一部分（如果它不是 AWS ec2）。

但是，如果您可以选择使用 EC2，则根本不会使用凭证，而是会创建一个 AWS IAM instance profile，其中包含您的应用程序所需的所有权限，并将其分配给相关的 EC2 实例。这将允许您的 Rails 应用程序（以及 ec2 上的任何其他内容）访问允许的 AWS 服务，但可以防止任何凭证泄漏到 AWS 之外的机会。

再次重申，将 AWS 凭证检查到源代码控制中是邪恶的。不要作恶。

【讨论】：