为什么当我更改此代码时它会给我“分段错误”错误？

Question

我可以毫无错误地编译这段代码：

#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <espeak/speak_lib.h>



espeak_POSITION_TYPE position_type;
espeak_AUDIO_OUTPUT output;
char *path=NULL;
int Buflength = 500, Options=0;
void* user_data;
t_espeak_callback *SynthCallback;
espeak_PARAMETER Parm;



char Voice[] = {"English"};


char text[30] = {"this is a english test"};
unsigned int Size,position=0, end_position=0, flags=espeakCHARS_AUTO, *unique_identifier;




int main(int argc, char* argv[] ) 
{
    output = AUDIO_OUTPUT_PLAYBACK;
    int I, Run = 1, L;    
    espeak_Initialize(output, Buflength, path, Options ); 
    espeak_SetVoiceByName(Voice);
    const char *langNativeString = "en"; //Default to US English
    espeak_VOICE voice;
    memset(&voice, 0, sizeof(espeak_VOICE)); // Zero out the voice first
    voice.languages = langNativeString;
    voice.name = "US";
    voice.variant = 2;
    voice.gender = 1;
//  espeak_SetVoiceByProperties(&voice);
    Size = strlen(text)+1;    

    espeak_Synth( text, Size, position, position_type, end_position, flags,
    unique_identifier, user_data );
    espeak_Synchronize( );

    return 0;
}

但我在尝试编译此代码时收到segmentation fault 错误（将所有代码放入man()：

   #include <string.h>
    #include <malloc.h>
    #include <espeak/speak_lib.h>

    int main(){
    espeak_POSITION_TYPE position_type;
    espeak_AUDIO_OUTPUT output;
    char *path=NULL;
    int Buflength = 500, Options=0;
    void* user_data;
    t_espeak_callback *SynthCallback;
    espeak_PARAMETER Parm;
    char Voice[] = {"English"};
    unsigned int Size,position=0, end_position=0, flags=espeakCHARS_AUTO, *unique_identifier;

        output = AUDIO_OUTPUT_PLAYBACK;
        int I, Run = 1, L;    
        espeak_Initialize(output, Buflength, path, Options ); 
        espeak_SetVoiceByName(Voice);
        const char *langNativeString = "en"; //Default to US English
        espeak_VOICE voice;
            memset(&voice, 0, sizeof(espeak_VOICE)); // Zero out the voice first
            voice.languages = langNativeString;
            voice.name = "US";
            voice.variant = 2;
            voice.gender = 1;
            //espeak_SetVoiceByProperties(&voice);

        char tx[]="hi there, my name is Eliyaas, what's your name?";
        espeak_Synth( tx, strlen(tx)+1, position, position_type, end_position, flags,unique_identifier, user_data );
        espeak_Synchronize( );



    return 0;}

有什么区别，哪一行导致了这个错误？ 是否可以将所有这些程序放在main() 函数中？怎么样？

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Answer 1

全局变量在 C++ 中初始化为零，局部变量不是，从它们中读取是未定义的行为。你的代码中有很多，例如：

espeak_POSITION_TYPE position_type;
espeak_AUDIO_OUTPUT output;

您需要编辑代码并确保所有变量都已正确初始化。例如 memset 如果它们是 POD，则与 voice 相同。