序列化一个泛型类（不需要 XML 帮助类）

Question

我有一个关于泛型类的序列化的问题。

因为我想为我的所有配置使用一个通用类（它被序列化为 XML），所以我编写了以下类：

Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.Serialization
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Reflection.Assembly

<Serializable()> _
Public Class GenericConfig(Of T)
    Public Sub WriteToFile(ByVal FileName As String)
        ConfigVersion = ProgrammVersion.ToString
        Dim XmlFile As FileStream = New FileStream(FileName, FileMode.Create)
        Dim serialize As XmlSerializer = New XmlSerializer(GetType(GenericConfig(Of T)), New Type() {GetType(GenericConfig(Of T))})
        serialize.Serialize(XmlFile, Me)
        XmlFile.Close()
    End Sub

    Public Shared Function ReadFromFile(ByVal FileName As String) As GenericConfig(Of T)
        Dim XmlFile As FileStream = New FileStream(FileName, FileMode.Open)
        Dim serialize As XmlSerializer = New XmlSerializer(GetType(GenericConfig(Of T)))
        ReadFromFile = serialize.Deserialize(XmlFile)
        XmlFile.Close()
        Return ReadFromFile
    End Function

    Public Shared ReadOnly Property ConfigFileName() As String
        Get
            Return GetExecutingAssembly.Location.Substring(0, GetExecutingAssembly.Location.Length - 4) & ".Config.xml"
        End Get
    End Property
End Class

Public Class ToolConfig
    Inherits GenericConfig(Of ToolConfig)

    Public Property Key1 As String = "Value 1"
End Class

我遇到的问题是我无法序列化它，因为行中出现以下错误

serialize.Serialize(XmlFile, Me)

{“GenericConfigClass.ToolConfig 类型不是预期的。使用 XmlInclude 或 SoapInclude 属性指定静态未知的类型。”}

如果您在派生类上使用 XMLSerializer，我已经搜索并发现了很多与该错误相关的文章。我在这里不这样做。我在泛型类上使用它。

除了在这里创建一个 XML 帮助器类之外，还有其他方法吗： http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/35925/Generic-XML-Serialization-Methods

谢谢，
沃尔夫冈

更新：
这就是我所说的（简短的例子）

Imports System.IO

Public Class frmMain
    Dim Config As ToolConfig

    Private Sub btnConfigInit_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnConfigInit.Click
        '----------------- read config file  -----------------
        If File.Exists(ToolConfig.ConfigFileName) Then
            Config = ToolConfig.ReadFromFile(ToolConfig.ConfigFileName)
        Else
            Config = New ToolConfig
        End If
        Config.WriteToFile(ToolConfig.ConfigFileName)

        MsgBox(Config.Key1)
    End Sub
End Class

Answer 1

是的，您正在使用派生类：ToolConfig。通过XmlInclude 告知您应该没问题：

将<XmlInclude(GetType(ToolConfig))> 添加到GenericConfig。

另一种解决方案应该是在创建XmlSerializer 实例时简单地使用Me.GetType() 而不是GetType(GenericConfig(Of T))：

Dim serialize As XmlSerializer = New XmlSerializer(Me.GetType())

为了能够成功反序列化，您必须将共享的ReadFromFile 方法设为实例方法或使其成为通用方法。

---

如果您想保持该反序列化方法共享，您可以这样做：

Public Class GenericConfig ' <- No (Of T) here! But in the line below.
    Public Shared Function ReadFromFile(Of T)(ByVal FileName As String) As T
        Dim XmlFile As FileStream = New FileStream(FileName, FileMode.Open)
        Dim serialize As XmlSerializer = New XmlSerializer(GetType(T))
        ReadFromFile = serialize.Deserialize(XmlFile)
        XmlFile.Close()
        Return ReadFromFile
    End Function
End Class

用法：

GenericConfig.ReadFromFile(Of ToolConfig)(filename)