Django 酥脆的表单字段没有保存

Question

我正在尝试使用 Django 清晰表单进行格式化，但无法保存。

首先是一些代码：

forms.py

class CreateForm_test(forms.Form): 
    name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Name'}))
    street = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Street'}))
    number = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Number'}))
    comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Comment'}))
    phone = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Phone'}))
    status = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Status'}))





class CrispyAddressForm(CreateForm_test):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.helper = FormHelper()
        self.helper.layout = Layout(
            Row(
                Column('name', css_class='form-group col-md-6 mb-0'),
                css_class='form-row'
            ),
            'street',
            'number',
            Row(
                Column('comment', css_class='form-group col-md-6 mb-0'),

                Column('phone', css_class='form-group col-md-2 mb-0'),
                Column('status', css_class='form-group col-md-2 mb-0'),


                css_class='form-row'
            ),

            Submit('submit', 'Submit')
        )

views.py

class CreateRegisterView(CreateView): 
    model = Register
    message = _("saved")
    form_class = CrispyAddressForm

    template_name = 'register_form.html'
    def form_valid(self, form):
        if self.request.user.is_authenticated:
            form.instance.user = self.request.user
        return super().form_valid(form)

    def get_success_url(self):
        messages.success(self.request, self.message)
        return reverse('home')

register_form.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% load crispy_forms_tags %}

{% block content %}
  {% crispy form %}
{% endblock %}

当我在浏览器中打开表单时，出现此错误

forms.py", line 36, in __init__
    super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'instance'
[29/Feb/2020 18:40:13] "GET /Register/create/ HTTP/1.1" 500 115893

我也试过 类 CreateRegisterView(FormView): 但后来我在这一行的视图中遇到了同样的错误form.instance.user = self.request.user

Answer 1

问题是你使用了Form，不是ModelForm。一个简单的Form 没有.instance，也不知道.save()，因为Form 的任务只是处理GET 或POST 数据，并进行验证和清理。建立在Form 之上的ModelForm 可以加载、更新和保存模型对象。因此，您应该从ModelForm 继承，并提供Meta：

class CreateForm_test(forms.ModelForm): 
    name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Name'}))
    street = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Street'}))
    number = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Number'}))
    comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Comment'}))
    phone = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Phone'}))
    status = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Status'})

    class Meta:
        model = Register
        fields = ['name', 'street', 'number', 'comment', 'phone', 'status']

此外，如documentation 中指定的，您需要在帮助程序中指定操作：

class CrispyAddressForm(CreateForm_test):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.helper = FormHelper()
        self.helper.form_action = 'name_of_createview'
        self.helper.layout = Layout(
            Row(
                Column('name', css_class='form-group col-md-6 mb-0'),
                css_class='form-row'
            ),
            'street',
            'number',
            Row(
                Column('comment', css_class='form-group col-md-6 mb-0'),

                Column('phone', css_class='form-group col-md-2 mb-0'),
                Column('status', css_class='form-group col-md-2 mb-0'),


                css_class='form-row'
            ),

            Submit('submit', 'Submit')
        )

Answer 2

我认为，主要问题是我定义了两次字段。一次在模型中，一次在我的表单中。

现在这正在工作： 表格

class CreateForm_test(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Register
        fields = ['name', 'street', 'number', 'comment', 'phone', 'status']



class CrispyAddressForm(CreateForm_test):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.helper = FormHelper()
        self.helper.layout = Layout(
             Row(
                 Column('name', css_class='form-group col-md-7 mb-0'),
                css_class='form-row'
            ),
            Row(
                Column('street', css_class='form-group col-md-6 mb-0'),
                Column('number', css_class='form-group col-md-1 mb-0'),
                css_class='form-row'
            ),

            Row(
                Column('comment', css_class='form-group col-md-6 mb-0'),
                css_class='form-row'
            ),
            Row(
                Column('phone', css_class='form-group col-md-6 mb-0'),
                css_class='form-row'
            ),
            Submit('submit', 'Submit')
        )

观看次数

class CreateRegisterView(CreateView):
    model = Register
    message = _("saved")
    form_class = CreateForm
    template_name = 'register_form.html'
    def form_valid(self, form):
        if self.request.user.is_authenticated:
            form.instance.user = self.request.user
        return super().form_valid(form)

    def get_success_url(self):
        messages.success(self.request, self.message)
        return reverse('home')

型号

class Register(models.Model):
    CREATED = "C"
    DELETED = "D"
    STATUS = (
        (CREATED, _("Created")),
        (DELETED, _("Deleted")),
    )
    user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, null=True, blank=True, related_name="author", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, default=1)
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    status = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=STATUS, default=CREATED)
    comment = models.CharField(max_length=42, null=True, unique=False, blank=True)
    edited = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    objects = ArticleQuerySet.as_manager()
    name = models.CharField(max_length=35, null=True, unique=False)
    street = models.CharField(max_length=42, null=True, unique=False, blank=True)
    number = models.CharField(blank=True, null=True, max_length=6)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=15, blank=True, null=True)
    zip = models.CharField(max_length=42, null=True, unique=False, blank=True)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=42, null=True, unique=False, blank=True)
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _("Register")
        verbose_name_plural = _("Register")
        ordering = ("-timestamp",)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% load crispy_forms_tags %}

{% block content %}
  {% crispy form %}
{% endblock %}

为了理解，对于crispyforms，我有两个选项来格式化表单。第一个是表单，第二个是直接在 html 中。

当我将视图更改为 form_class = CreateForm_test 和 html 时

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% load crispy_forms_tags %}

{% block content %}
  <form method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div class="form-row">
      <div class="form-group col-md-6 mb-0">
        {{ form.name|as_crispy_field }}
      </div>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </form>
{% endblock %}

然后不再起作用，表单中的第一个示例格式正在起作用。在第二个 html 中，我只添加了字段name，因为只有这是一个必填字段。

html-formatting 不起作用的区别是什么？表单在浏览器中可见，但没有保存，没有错误。