在共享开发环境中使用 Django、Gunicorn 和 Nginx 提供静态内容

Question

我在这里看到了很多关于这个问题的好答案，但要么我不理解它们，要么它们不适用于我的特定情况。我看过这里：Serving static files with Nginx + Gunicorn + Django 和许多其他人。我已遵循这些答案中的建议，但我仍然没有有效的解决方案。我希望如果我准确地解释我在做什么，那么也许有人会告诉我哪里出错了。

我与其他几个团队在共享环境中进行开发，并且我们共享一个 ngnix 服务器。我在这个共享服务器上有一个 Django 项目，sre-dev.example.com。 Django 项目的路径是/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman。

在我的 settings.py 中，我设置了这些值：

STATIC_ROOT = '/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'corsheaders',
    'rest_framework',
    'rest_framework.authtoken',
    ...
    'django_db_logger',
    'rest_framework_swagger'
]

我已经创建了一个/etc/nginx/sites-enabled 目录和符号链接，

ln -s /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf caasa-dev.example.com

我还在我们的 DNS 中为 sre-dev 创建了别名 (CNAME) caasa-dev.example.com。并添加了一个nginx.conf 文件，/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf，其内容为：

server {
    listen 10001;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }
}

我已经处决了……

python manage.py collectstatic

...现在几次，文件就在那里：

$ pwd
/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static
$ ls
admin  rest_framework  rest_framework_swagger

我已经重启了 nginx 和 gunicron。我的 gunicorn 服务器有一个 systemd 配置，所以我可以执行以下操作：

systemctl restart gnuicorn-capman.service

如果我这样做 systemctl -l status gnuicorn-capman.service 我会得到这个输出：

# systemctl -l status gnuicorn-capman.service
● gnuicorn-capman.service - capman gnuicron service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gnuicorn-capman.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 12:42:40 GMT; 17min ago
  Process: 14949 ExecStopPost=/bin/rm -rf /run/gnuicorn-capman (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14946 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14955 ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R sreuser:example /run/gnuicorn-capman /apps/capman/capman_port10001 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14953 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir /run/gnuicorn-capman (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14960 (gunicorn)
   CGroup: /system.slice/gnuicorn-capman.service
           ├─14960 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14966 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14968 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14970 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           └─14971 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600

然而，当我尝试访问 caasa-dev.example.com:10001/admin/login/?next=/admin/ 时，我仍然没有得到我的静态内容：

我也收到这样的消息...

... "GET /static/admin/css/base.css HTTP/1.1" 404 2793 "http://caasa-dev.example.com:10001/admin/login/?next=/admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X

...在我的 access.log 中。

那么我遗漏了什么？我究竟做错了什么？

更新：如果我转到 caasa-dev.example.com:10001/static/ 我是标准 Django 404 错误页面。

更新 2：

由于某种原因，我的日志文件是空的：

[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# systemctl -l status nginx
● nginx.service - The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 12:42:37 GMT; 56min ago
  Process: 14926 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14932 ExecStart=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14930 ExecStartPre=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14934 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─14934 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/ngin
           └─14935 nginx: worker process

Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev systemd[1]: Starting The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev nginx[14930]: nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev nginx[14930]: nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev systemd[1]: Started The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server.
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root     14934     1  0 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody   14935 14934  0 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     26500  3799  0 13:40 pts/8    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# grep log /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ls -l /var/log/nginx/error.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx root 0 Jun  1  2018 /var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ls -l /var/log/nginx/access.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx nginx 0 Jun  7  2018 /var/log/nginx/access.log

更新 3：

感谢 Ivan，但我的 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf 应该是：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10001;
    }
}

或

server {
    listen 10001;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:80;
    }
}

更新 4：

我刚刚注意到我的 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 不包括我的启用站点的目录：

[root@sre-dev nginx]# grep -r include *
nginx.conf:include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
nginx.conf:    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
nginx.conf:    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
nginx.conf:    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf:        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf:#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf.default:    include       mime.types;
nginx.conf.default:        #    include        fastcgi_params;

我应该添加行...

include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf

...发给我的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，如果是，该文件在哪里？

Answer 1

gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001

nginx：listen 10001;

我猜 nginx 甚至都没有启动（查看相等端口？）。所有请求都由 Django 处理。更改端口。

如果这是完整的 Nginx 配置，则缺少 proxy_pass block 将请求转发到 django

Answer 2

问题是你正在使用gunicorn 为 django 提供服务，但 nginx 没有监听该端口，因此反向代理你的域名。使用这个 nginx 配置：

server {
listen 80;
server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

location /static {
    alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static;
}

location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10001;
}
}

在此配置中，nginx 充当反向代理，并将所有流量路由到您域的端口 80，到由 gunicorn 处理的内部网络 127.0.0.1:10001。

注意您在地址 0.0.0.0 上使用 gunicorn。我不建议这样做。将其更改为 127.0.0.1 或使用 linux .sock 文件以获得更好的配置。